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Honors Bio.5
Chapter 12: DNA and RNA
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adenine | Pairs with Thymine and Uracil |
| Anticodon | Unpaired bases |
| Autosome | Any chromosome not considered as a sex chromosome |
| Bacteriophage | Virus that infects bacteria |
| Base Pairing | Hydrogen bonds can only form between certain base pairs |
| Chromatin | DNA and protein are tightly packed together |
| Codon | Three consecutive nucleotides that specify a single amino acid |
| Cytosine | Pairs with Guanine |
| Differentiation | Become specialized in structure and function |
| DNA | A double-stranded nucleic acid that contains the genetic information for cell growth, division, and function |
| DNA Polymerase | Principal enzyme involved in DNA |
| Exons | DNA sequences that code for proteins |
| Frameshift Mutations | the addition or deletion of nucleotide(s) causes a shift in the reading frame of the codons in the mRNA |
| Frederick Griffith | 1928- a factor in heat-killed, disease-causing bacteria can "transform" harmless bacteria into ones that can cause disease |
| Gene | coded DNA instruction that controls the protein within a cell |
| Genetic code | Relationship between the sequence of bases in nucleic acid and the order of amino acids |
| Guanine | Pairs with Cytosine |
| Hershey and Chase | Concluded that the genetic material of the bacteriophage was DNA |
| Histone | Protein |
| Hox Gene | Gene that controls the differentiation of cells and tissues in an embryo |
| Intron | Sequence of nucleotides |
| Messenger RNA | Carries copies of instructions |
| Mutation | A change in the genetic material |
| Nucleotide | Monomer of nucleic acid made of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| Operator | Region of chromosome in an operon to which the repressor binds when the operon is "turned off" |
| Operon | group of genes operating together |
| Point Mutation | Mutation involving changes in one or a few nucleotides |
| Polyploidy | When an organism has extra sets of chromosomes |
| Promoter | Indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA |
| Purine | The parent compound for the purine bases of nucleic acids |
| Pyrimidine | A family of 6-membered heterocyclic compounds occurring in nature in a wide variety of forms |
| Replication | Process where DNA duplicates |
| Ribosomal RNA | Makes up the major part of ribosomes |
| RNA | A nucleic acid that is generally single stranded and plays a role in transferring information from DNA to protein-forming system of the cell |
| RNA Polymerase | Binds to DNA and separates the strands during transcription |
| Thymine | Pairs with Adenine |
| Transcription | Part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA |
| Transfer RNA | Transfers the amino acid to the ribosome |
| Transformation | One strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes of another strain of bacteria |
| Translation | Decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain |
| Uracil | A nitrogen-containing base found in RN |
| Watson and Crick | 1953- Developed the double-helix model of the structure of DNA |
Created by:
lattee
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