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Chapter 5
Section 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the movement of chemical substances, usually across the cell membrane, against a concentration gradient; requires cells to use energy | active transport |
| a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell | sodium-potassium pump |
| the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell | endocytosis |
| a small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell; forms when part of the cell membrane surrounds the materials to be taken into the cell or transported within the cell | vesicle |
| a method of active transport across the cell membrane in which the cell takes in extracellular fluids | pinocytosis |
| the process by which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells, either as a defense mechanism or as a means to obtain food | phagocytosis |
| a cell that ingests and destroys (digests) foreign matter or microorganisms | phagocyte |
| the process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out | exocytosis |