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Semester I Exam12-13

Biology terms for the first semester exam of the 12-13 school year.

QuestionAnswer
Unicellular Organism Organism made up of one cell.
Multicellular Organism Organism made up of two or more cells.
Autotroph Organism that makes its own food/energy.
Heterotroph An organism that eats other organisms for food/energy.
Asexual Reproduction Reproduction that involves no union of gametes (1 parent).
Sexual Reproduction Reproduction that involves a union of gametes (2 parents).
Cell Division Formation of two new cells from an existing cell.
Development Process by which an adult organism arises.
Hypothesis Testable statement.
Theory A broad, comprehensive statement of what is thought to be true.
Compound Light Microscope Used when a specimen is mounted on a glass slide and beams of light are shined through it.
Electron Microscope Uses beams of electrons to view the detail of an object.
Magnification Enlargement of an object.
Resolution Clarity of an object.
DNA Hereditary information.
Gene Short segment of DNA
Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Mass Quantity of matter in an object.
Atom Smallest particle of matter.
Element Simplest type of matter.
Covalent Bond Attraction as a result of shared pairs of electrons.
Ionic Bond Attraction as a result of a transfer of electrons.
Endergonic Reaction Absorption of free energy.
Exergonic Reaction Release of free energy.
Oxidation Reaction Losing electrons.
Reduction Reaction Gaining electrons
Solute Substance dissolved in a solution.
Solvent Substance in which the solute is dissolved.
Acid A solution in which the concentration of hydronium ions is greater than the concentration of hydroxide ions.
Base A solution in which the concentration of hydroxide ions is greater than the concentration of hydronium ions.
Free Energy Energy available for use by the cell.
Activation Energy Energy required to start a chemical reaction.
Hydrophobic Water fearing
Hydrophilic Water loving.
Adhesion Attraction between unlike substances.
Cohesion Attraction between like substances.
Fatty Acid Unbranched carbon chains that make up a lipid.
Amino Acid One of 20 building blocks of protein (the monomer of a protein)
Monosaccharide Simple carbon compound.
Disaccharide Two monosaccharides bonded together.
Triglyceride Made up of three fatty acids joined to one glycerol molecule.
Phospholipid Made up of two fatty acids and a glycerol molecule, the structural component of a cell membrane.
Polypeptide Three or more amino acids bonded together.
Peptide Bond Bond between amino acids.
Polymer Two or more amino acids bonded together.
Macromolecule Large organic molecule
Functional Group Cluster of atoms that influence the properties of the molecules they compose.
Alcohol Polar molecule with a hydroxyl group attached to the end.
Prokaryote Simple cell with no nucleus or organelles.
Eukaryote A cell with a nucleus and organelles.
Cell Membrane Selectively permeable lipid bilayer that surrounds and protects the cell.
Cell Wall Cellulose structure around the outside of the cell membrane in a plant cell.
Chromatin Loosely coiled DNA and proteins.
Chromosome Tightly packed DNA
Peripheral Protein Proteins found on the inner or outer surface of the cell membrane.
Integral Protein Proteins embedded in the lipid bilyaer
Cytoplasm The area between the nucleus and the cell membrane of a cell.
Cytoskeleton Protein tubes that give the cytoplasm structure.
Organelle Tiny organs.
Organ Groups of tissues having a similar function.
Mitochondria Creates energy for the cell using cellular respiration.
Chloroplast One of the plastids in a plant cell, stores green pigments for photosynthesis.
Lysosome Absorb and destroy bacteria, viruses, and old used up organelles.
Peroxisome Break down hydrogen peroxide in a cell.
Hypotonic Area of low solute concentration.
Hypertonic Area of high solute concentration.
Plasmolysis Cell wilting.
Cytolysis Cell bursting.
Passive Transport Movement of molecules without the use of energy by the cell
Active Transport Movement of molecules that requires the cell to expend energy.
Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration.
Osmosis Diffusion of water.
Concentration Gradient Difference in concentration across space.
Equilibrium Even distribution of molecules across space.
Endocytosis Cell engulfs large particles or fluids.
Exocytosis Cell expels large particles or fluids.
Pinocytosis Cell drinking; taking in fluids.
Phagocytosis Cell eating; taking in large particles.
Facilitated Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of greater to lesser concentration using carrier proteins.
Ion Channels Movement of ions from an area of greater to lesser concentration using carrier proteins.
Created by: jmglbrt
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