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Biology Vocab Exam
Nelsons Biology class
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Qualitative | property of the state of something ex: smell, touch, taste |
| Quantitative | measurable value |
| Hypothesis | an idea or explanation that is based on observations |
| Observation | to notice something significant |
| Procedure | a particular course of action |
| pro | a person who upholds an affirmative in a debate |
| Scientific Method | the series of steps followed to solve problems |
| Data | information you collect from an observation |
| Experiment | a procedure that is carried out under controlled conditions |
| Control Group | group that is kept normal and compared with the experimental group |
| Experimental Group | group that is being tested |
| Independent Variable | factor in an experiment that is deliberately manipulated |
| Dependent Variable | in an experiment that changes the result of manipulation |
| Controlled Variable | a variable that is unchanged |
| Theory | an explanation for some phenomenon that is based on an observation |
| Organization | organic structure of life |
| Cell | smallest unit of life and a microscopic structure |
| Tissue | multi-cellular organism |
| Organ | a group of tissues put together |
| Homeostasis | steady state of the body |
| Metabolism | the sum of all chemical processes |
| Interpret | to explain |
| Developement | growth process |
| Reproduction | to duplicate a living thing |
| Evolve | to develop gradually |
| Biodiversity | diversity between species |
| Taxonomy | science of classification |
| Kingdom | providence of nature |
| Domain | superior title and absolute power |
| Phylum | primary subdivision |
| Class | things that form a group |
| Order | the disposition of things |
| Family | a group of living things related by blood |
| Genus | a class or group of individuals |
| Species | a class of individuals having something in common |
| Binomial Nomunclature | a system of naming plants |
| Bacteria | one celled organisms |
| Archaea | any group of micro organisms |
| Eukarya | a super kingdom of organisms that have Eukaryotic cells |
| Protista | Eukaryotic and uni-cellular celled organisms |
| Fungi | a kingdom composing of all of the fungi |
| Plantae | taxonimic kingdom comparing all plants |
| Animalia | taxonimic kingdom comparing all animals |
| Classify | to arrange by classes |
| Analyze | to examine carefully |
| Cladogram | a treeline diagram illustrating the development of a clade |
| Mouth | an opening in which the first part of chemical breakdown begins |
| Digest | break down of food |
| Enzyme | aids the chemical breakdown |
| Protein | nutrients simplified |
| Carbohydrate | corn starches sugars etc |
| Lipid | fatty acids |
| Esophagus | throat |
| Nutrients | energy for your body |
| Small Intestine | noodle like part of the digestive system |
| Large Intestine | part of the digestive system that sends waste to the rear end |
| Bile | liquid in which nutrients flow in |
| Pancreas | helps to absorb nutrients |
| Gall Bladder | holds bile |
| Liver | helps with detoxification |
| Heart | pump in the body |
| Lungs | trades oxygen for CO2 |
| Veins | brings blood to the heart |
| Arteries | takes blood away from the heart |
| Capillaries | takes blood to each individual cell |
| Carbon Dioxide | .03% of the air we breath plants use it to reproduce |
| Oxygen | 21% of the air we breath is made up of this plants dispose of this gas |
| Flower | top of the plant on a stem |
| Ovule | small egg in a plant |
| Pollen | sperm part of a flower |
| Anther | attached to the top of the filament |
| Stamen | produces pollen |
| Pistil | female reproduction part in a flower |
| Stigma | pollen attaches itself to this |
| Style | a tube where pollen travels to the ovary |
| Ovary | holds all of the eggs |
| Autotroph | Creates their own food |
| Hetertroph | has to move to get their food |
| Photosynthesis | plants do this to create their own sugar (energy) |
| Light Reactions | the initial reaction in photosynthesis |
| Calvin Cycle | CO2 is made into a glucose using ATP |
| Chloroplast | an organelle found in plants and algae cells |
| Thylakoid | a membrane system found within chloroplasts |
| Chlorophyll | a green pigmant that is found in most plants |
| Pigment | a substance that gives another substance/mixture its own color |
| Cellular Respiration | oxygen combines with glucose to make H2O and CO2 |
| Anaerobic | no oxygen needed for this process |
| Aerobic | oxygen present for this procedure |
| Glycolysis | Anaerobic breakdown of glucose to Pyruvic Acid |
| Krebs Cycle | biochemical reaction of Pyruvic Acid to Glucose |
| Electron Transport Train | Electrons are used throughout this whole process to power it |
| Fermentation | Breakdown of carbs w/o oxygen present |
| Lactic Acid Fermentation | Chemical breakdown of carbs into lactic acid |
| Alcoholic Fermentation | Micro-organisms usually do this w/o oxygen |
| Chromosome | coiled up DNA |
| Chromatid | DNA that is spread out |
| Centromere | middle of the chromosomes where they touch |
| Homologous Chromosomes | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes that have the same structure and same pair during meiosis |
| Karyotype | a graphical display of the chromosomes during metaphase |
| Diploid | a cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes |
| Haploid | a cell that has one cell of unpaired organisms |
| Binary Fission | when one cell divides into two |
| Mitosis | a process of cell division in Eukaryotic Cells |
| Asexual Reproduction | one parent produces one set of offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
| Interphase | G1+S+G2 |
| Cytokinesis | the part of Mitosis that divides up the organelles |
| Prophase | DNA forms Chromosomes, Nucleus and Nucleolus Dissolve and centrioles forms spindle fibers |
| Metaphase | spindle fibers move the chromosomes to the center of the cell and lines them up |
| Anaphase | chromosomes are pulled apart at the centromeres |
| Telophase | spindle fibers break down and Nucleus reforms DNA also spreads out to chromatin |
| Cell Plate | new cell wall that is made when plant cells divide |
| Spindle Fiber | lines that pull in chromosomes into a new cell |
| Meiosis | a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus which results in the production of sex cells |
| Gamete | two haploid cells that come together and create a zygote |
| Crossing-over | exchange of genetic material |
| Genetic Recombination | the regrouping of genes |
| Independent Assorment | random distribution of the pairs of genes on different chromosomes to the gametes |
| Sexual Reproduction | reproduction in which two gametes from two parents unnite |
| Cell | The smallest unit of life |
| Cell Theory | states that cells are the basic structure unit of life |
| Plasma Membrane | The layer keeping the cytoplasm in the cell |
| Cytoplasm | holds all of the organelles |
| Nucleus | holds all of the DNA |
| Prokaryote | a type of cell that does not have a nucleus |
| Eukaryote | a membrane bound cell that has everything that it needs to survive |
| Organelle | the structure in a cell |
| Phospholipid Bilayer | the membrane is made up of this |
| Chromosome | noodle like things and DNA is part of this |
| Nuclear Envelope | thick layer covering the nucleus |
| Nucleolus | bumps all over the nuclear envelope |
| Ribosome | creates proteins in a cell |
| Mitochondria | Electron Transport chain happens in here |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | part of it has ribosomes on it and the other half doesn't |
| Golgi Apparatus | ships the proteins to where it has to go |
| Lysosome | contains enzymes |
| Cytoskeleton | like a train track and leads the protein to where it needs to go |
| Cilium | short hair like structures on the outside of a cell |
| Flagellum | helps the cell move around to where it has to go it is like the engine |
| Cell Wall | the outer part of a cell this is only in a cell plant |
| Centriole | spits out spindle fibers |
| Central Vacuole | the storage part of a cell |
| Chloroplast | does photosynthesis also gives a plant their color |
| Passive Transport | transport of proteins across the membrane through diffusion |
| Concentration Gradient | gradual difference in concentration of a dissolved substance |
| Diffusion | movement of molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration |
| Equilibrium | when two chemical reactions are proceeding at the same rate |
| Osmosis | fluids passing through a membrane without energy |
| Hypotonic | having less than the normal amount |
| Hypertonic | when the water goes out of a cell because there is too much salt outside of a cell |
| Isotonic | when the cell is equal to what is out side of it |
| Facilitated Diffusion | when something goes through a protein to enter a cell comes into a cell without energy being used |
| Active Transport | when something is to big to just pass through the membrane and it also requires energy |
| Endocytosis | when something is entering a cell |
| Exocytosis | when something is exiting a cell |
Created by:
Nevin2e
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