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Earth Sci Topic 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| asteroid | solid rocky and/or metallic body that independently orbits the sun; large, irregularly shaped, except for the few larger spherical ones; mostly located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter |
| Big Bang Theory | states that the present universe started as a big explosion 10 to 17 billion years ago and has been expanding ever since |
| celestrial object | any object in the universe outside of Earth's atmosphere, including moons, comets, planets, stars, and galaxies |
| comet | a low density object comprosed of materials (ices) that easilhy vaporize and some other solids; independently orbits the sun or other stars; usually has highly eccentric orbit; partly vaporizes forming a visible tail when near the sun |
| Doppler effect | the apparent wavelength shifting of electromagnetic energy (such as visible light) caused by the relative motion between the energy source and the observer |
| eccentricity | the degree of ovalness of an ellipse, or how far an ellipse is from beiong a circle; computed ueing the following formula: eccentricity = distance between foci/length of the major axis |
| ellipse | a closed curve around two fixed points, called foci, in which the sum of the distances between any point of the curve and the coci is a constant |
| focus (foci is plural) | in an ellipse, either of weo fixed points located so that the sum of their distances to any point on the ellipse is constant |
| galaxy | the large groupings of millions or billions of stars and other forms of mass held toether by gravitation |
| gravitation | the attractive force that exists between any two objects in the universe; |
| impact crater | an oval-shaped depression with a raised rim formed by a meteorite, asteroid, or comet colliding with Earth's, or any other solid celestrial objects solid surface |
| impact event | the colliding of comets, asteroids and meteoroids or any other type of celestrial body |
| Jovian planet | planets that far from the sun, largely gaseous, and have relatively large diameters, many moons, rings and low densities (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune |
| luminosity (of a star) | measures how bright a star would be in relation to the sun if all stars were the same distance from the observer |
| meteor | path of light from a meteoroid burning as it passes through Earths atmosphere, also called a shooting star |
| Milky Way Galaxy | the spiral shaped galaxy that Earth and our solar system are part of |
| moon | a body that orbits a planet or an asteroid as those objects orbit the sun |
| nuclear fusion | the combining of the nuclei of smaller elements to form the nuclei of larger elements with some mass being converted into energy; the sun produces energy in this way |
| red shift | the type of Doppler effect caused by an increase in distance between the observer and the source of the eclectromagnetic radiation |
| revolution | a planets movement around the sun in a path called an orbit; the movement of one body around another body in a path called an orbit |
| rotation | the spinning of an object, such as a planet, moon, or star, on an imaginary axis (like a top) |
| solar system | the sun and all objects that orbit the sun under its gravitationaly influence |
| star | usually a large ball of gas held together by gravity that procuces trmendous amounts of enery and shines; also called a sun |
| terrestrial planet | the planets that are Earth-like in being relatively close to the sun, mostly solid, and having relatively small diameters and high densities |
| universe | the totality of all things that exist--all matter, time, energy, and space |
| inertia | the concept that an object at rest will tend to remain at rest and that an object in motion will maintain the direction and speed og that motion unless an opposing force affects it |
Created by:
klkaufman
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