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Biodiversity Adapt
Biodiversity and Adaption of organisms.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Biodiversity: | The variety and number of organisms in a given area. |
| Give two subsections of Biodiversity: | Species Richness and Genetic Diversity. |
| Define Species Richness/Diversity: | The range of different species and their abundance in an area. |
| Define Genetic Diversity: | A measure of the variation of alleles within a species population. |
| Define Species (...): | A group of individuals of common ancestry, which are similar and are normally capable of mating and producing fertile offspring. |
| Name the headings of the tree of Life, in order: | Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. |
| Molecular Phylogeny: | The study of Chemicals and Genes of organisms to determine if they are of the same species or decent. |
| Ecosystem: | All the Biotic and Abiotic factors working together in an environment. |
| Population: | All the organisms of one species in a given area. |
| Community: | All the populations of different species in an area. |
| Ecological Niche: | The role of an organism in its habitat. Such as, if it provides food for another, shelter, does it ward of predators or others etc. |
| Habitat: | The location of an organism. |
| Adaption: | How well suited an organism is to its habitat and Niche. This usually will determine how well an organism will survive. |
| What are the Three Types of Adaptations? | Anatomical Adaptations, Physiological Adaptations and Behavioral Adaptations. |
| Anatomical Adaptations: | The Adaptations of the Anatomy, physical form, of an organism to its Niche, such as Claws for predatory animals, Large and frequent leaf count in low lying plants, blubber on an animal living in cold areas. |
| Physiological Adaptations: | Adaptations of the Physiology, internal organs, cells etc, of an organism, such as the ability of a diving mammal to regulate its heart rate or Pigmentation of Algae. |
| Behavioural Adaptations: | Changes in the behaviour of an animal to be more likely to survive, such as Wolves hunting in packs, better mating calling, Plants turning into sunlight, Lizards sunbathing to increase metabolic rate. |
| Define Gene Pool: | The collection of all the alleles for genes within a population. |
| Why is genetic Diversity important? | Increased variation in the alleles for genes allows for greater adaption to the environment, allowing for a population to become better adapted. |
| Why is there (genetically) concern over populations of small size? | These populations will have increased inbreeding which leads to increased Homozyogous genes, this reduces genetic diversity leaving the population vulnerable to the changes in the environment. |
| Can two species occupy the same Niche in an ecosystem? | No, competitive exclusion shows that, if two organisms are trying to exploit the exact same niche (they are both feeding from the same thing, living in the same area etc etc) that one will out compete the other and one will eventually die out. |
| What are the three types of Selection? | Directional Selection, Diversifying Selection and Balancing Selection. |
| Directional Selection: | Classic Natural Selection of the fittest, in which an environmental factor (such as temp change or Disease introduction) causes the allele frequency of a type of allele to go up and thus push the Phenotypes towards an advantageous trait (such as disease). |
| Diversifying Selection: | Selection which occurs and causes two, different, phenotypes to be selected for in the same species, such as Darwins Finches which are the same species but have different alleles for beak shape. |
| Balancing Selection: | Selection in which a possibly unfavourable allele is selected for because it brings an advantage against a certain pressure. Such as Thallasima and Sickle Cell against malaria. |
| Outline Peppered Moth Selection in Industrial revolution times: | Peppered moths were light coloured and blended with trees, revolution started and trees became polluted, moths that had allele for Black pigment now were selected for (as birds could hunt light coloured easier). Direction Selection takes place. |
| Define Endemism: | When a species is only found in one location globally. Such as Ring tailed Lemurs are endemic to Madagascar. |
| How did Endemic species come about? | Isolation long ago, such as Australia separating and drifting from mainland pangea etc. |
| Indicator Species: | Species which give a good indication to an environmental factor which defines a characteristic of the species: Such as the Peppered Moths and Pollution and Salmon presence in clean water. |
Created by:
mjwilson1988
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