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Miss O's Genetics Re
Genetics Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| To which category of organic macromolecules do enzymes belong? | proteins |
| What determines an enzyme's role? | it's shape |
| promoter sequence | TATA surrounded by G's and C's |
| How do enzymes catalyze reactions? | by lowering the activation energy |
| What do we call it when the shape of an enzyme is altered by environmental conditions? | denaturing |
| How can an enzyme's shape be genetically altered? | mutations |
| The order of protein synthesis | transcription, RNA editing, translation |
| Having one original strand and new strand | semiconservative |
| The three parts of a DNA nucleotide | phosphate group, nitrogen base, and deoxyribose sugar |
| The four bases of DNA | adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine |
| The four bases of RNA | adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine |
| Inborn errors of metabolism involve which molecule? | enzymes |
| The enzyme that inserts bases into the growing chain of nucleotides during DNA replication | DNA polymerase |
| Tags placed on misfolded proteins | ubiquitin |
| DNA is wound around this protein | histones |
| During which trimester are the most devastating birth defects likely to occur? | first trimester |
| Substances or conditions known to cause birth defects | teratogens |
| Morning sickness drug known to cause limb defects | thalidomine |
| The part of the genome that can be altered by experience | epigenome |
| Epigenetic tags that "shut off" genes | methyl |
| Epigenetic tags that "turn on" genes by keeping histones apart | acetyl |
| Exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis | crossing-over |
| Natural human clones | twins |
| The stage of the pre-embryo that implants itself in the uterine lining | blastocyst |
| the pregnancy hormone | hCG |
| The precursor to the spinal cord | neural tube |
| Stem cells that have the most potential | totipotent embryonic cells |
| What part of a blastocyst will become the embryo? | inner cell mass |