Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Maria_Micro_chp1
chp1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 2 major contributors to pathogens and Germ Theory of Disease | 1. Louis Paskur 2. Robert Koch |
| What is a sequence of experimental steps that verified the germ theory called? | Koch's postulates |
| Every cell has 1._____ composed of 2.______ and 3._______ | 1. ribosome 2. nucleic acid 3. protein |
| Important events in early stages of microbiology | 1. Spores and sterilization 2. Spontaneous Generation vs. Germ Theory of Disease 3. Ascptic techniques |
| viral particles | -not a cell (or noncellular) -passive -come by chance -type of infection particles that rely on cells to reproduce |
| Who was the first person to document microorganisms? | Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |
| What means the image will remain in focus when changing from a lower power objective lens to a higher-power lens? | parfocal |
| What is the type of microscope we use in lab? | compound light microscope |
| total magnification equals? | objective lens X(times) ocular lens |
| pathway of light on microscope | condenser lens to> objective lens to> ocular lens |
| resolution | -ability to show detail -shortest distance between two separate dots that can be "seen" as two discrete objects |
| working distance (of a lens) | -distance between the lens and microscope slide |
| light microscope max ___________ (#) | .2μm -i.e. any 2 dots closer than .2μm will be seen as one dot |
| 1 μm =_______(m) | 1 μm =10^(-6) m |
| 1 nm = _______(m) | 1 nm = 10^(-9) m |
| electron microscope max ________ (#) | .5nm |
| 1 μm =_______(nm) | 1000nm |
| smaller magnification value equals ________ resolution | lower |
| Indicate what about the following factors are useful:1. wave length 2. color of light 3.beam vs. light | 1. wave length: shorter wavelength the better the resolution 2. blue light is better than white light 3. electron beam is better than visible light |
| What collects and directs the light from the lamp to the slide being studied? | condenser |
| What moves up and down as you turn the main knob? | mechanic stage |
| There are three or more of these on a microscope Each one contains a different magnification Changes from low to> high power | objective lens |
| What do you look through to view the image on the microscope (its where you put your eyes and fixed at 10x) | ocular lens |
| microbiology | the study of microorganisms |
| most widely used specimen is darker than surrounding field | Bright-field |
| brightly illuminated specimens surrounded by | dark-field |
| transforms subtle changes in light waves passing through the specimen into differences in light intensity, best for observing structure intracellular certain light can lead and certain light added | phase-contrast |
| fluorescence microscope | -modified compound light microscope -very useful in medical diagnosis and cell biology Features: 1. dark background 2. dye binds specimen 3. emitted visible light magnified needs filter protect viewers eye 4. dye UV rays |
| electron microscope | -uses electron beam to form image rather than light rays -electrons travel wavelike pattern -wavelength is 100,000x shorter than the waves of visible light -electrons have tremendous resolving power and magnifying power |
| electron microscope: 1. resolving power 2. magnifying power | 1. 0.5 nm (vs. 0.2μm for light microscope) 2. 1,000,000x (vs. 1000x for light microscope) |
| eucaryotic cells | -bigger -has a nucleus -more complex |
| procaryotic cell | -simple cell -DNA is in cytosol -bacteria and archaea -unicellular |
| List 4 eucaryotic cells | 1. Algae 2. Protoxoa 3. Fungi (molds, yeasts, mushrooms, etc.) 4. helminths (tapeworms, flukes, nematodes, etc.) |
| algae and protozoa make up what group? and live in_________ and ___________ cellular | 1. protists 2. aquatic environment 3. unicellular |
| list 2 types of procaryotes | 1. Bacteria (such as E. coli) 2. Archaea (ancient "bacteria" such as methanogens) |
| yeast | -much bigger -eucaryote -fungi (category) -unicellular |
| amoeba | -cytoplasm proteins needle like or worm rounded -protozoa (category) -pseudopods help move around and eat food particles |
| E. coli | -round shaped bacteria |
| herpes simplex (EM) | -membrane takes from your cell takes pieces of cell membrane -virus |
| ascaris | -most common infection worm -nervous function different from other functions -adult bad |
| algae | reproduce, swim, survive |
| Size important in general | Eucaryotes > Procaryotes > Viruses > macromolecules > simple molecules |
| a system for organizing and classifying names | taxonomy |
| primary concerns of taxonomy are (3)_______ | 1. classification 2. nomenclature 3. identification |
| What is the most significant level of classification? | species |
| levels of classification | 1.Domain 2.Kingdom 3.Phylum or Division 4.Class 5.Order 6.Family 7.Genus 8.Species |
| Whittaker classification vs. Dr. Woese | Whittaker: 5-Kingdom classification System Woese: Domain>Kingdom>archaea more closly related then bacteria |
| true bacteria such as E. coli staphylococus aureus | eubacteria |
| eubacteria characteristic about cell wall | -cell wall macromolecules, peptidoglycan is only found in bacteria |
| archaea | odd "bacteria" that live in extreme environments, high salt, heat, etc. [such as methanology halobacteria] |
| have a nucleus and organelles such as molds, amoeba, algae | eukarya |
| Every time you name an organism what do you use? | Genus and Species -Genus named first and first letter capitalize -Species named second both italized |
| What does "sterile" mean? | "sterile" was introduced which meant completely eliminating all life forms from objects or materials, including endospores |
| Who identified spores? | John Tyndall and Ferdinand Cohn |
| disease-causing microorganisms | pathogens |
| Germ Theory of Disease | -many (infections) diseases are caused by the growth of microbes in the body and not by sins, bad character, or poverty, etc. |
| Who is associated with the Listerine method? | Joseph Lister |
| Who am I? -demonstrated what is now known as Germ Theory of Disease | Louis Pasteur |
| Who am I? -showed microbes caused fermentation | Louis Pasteur |
| Who am I? -identified cause of anthrax, TB, and cholera | Robert Koch |
| Who am I? -developed pasteurization | Louis Pasteur |
| Who am I? -established Koch's postulates | Robert Koch |
| Who am I? -disproved spontaneous generation of microorganisms | Louis Pasteur |
| Who am I? -developed pure culture methods | Robert Koch |
| Who am I? -developed a rabies vaccine | Louis Pasteur |
| methanococcus jannaschii | not bacteria rather it is archaea mold filamentous fungi |
| numerical aperture (NA) | can effect resolution mathematical expression showing efficiency of lens gathering light Na: 1.25 better than .1 Na=nsinθ (n-1, sinθ-shape of light come) the greater the angle the shorter the working distance the greater the NA value |
| Who introduced the aseptic technique? | Joseph Lister |
| microorganisms | organisims to small to see with the naked eye |
| mold | filimentus fungi |
| Can you increase resolution by increasing the n value in NA formula (NA=nsinθ) | yes Ex: increase n by using immersion oil n=1.5 [100x objective lens only] |
| What is definition of life? | distinguished by capacity to grow, metabolize, respond (to stimuli), adapt and reproduce |
| What is disinfecting the hands using chemicals prior to surgery and the use of heat for sterilization to prevent wound infections called? | aseptic technique |
Created by:
mjoyriegsecker
Popular Science sets