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Chapter 8 mp

exam study

QuestionAnswer
Prophase the long stringy chromatin coils up into visible chromosomes
Metaphase the doubled chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers by their centromeres to the middle of the cell.
Anaphase the centromeres split apart and chromatid pairs from each chromosome separate from each other and pulled apart by the shortening of the microtubules in the spindle fibers
Telophase chromatids reach the opposite poles of the cell as they prepare for their own independent existence
Osmosis diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane depending on the concentration of solutes on either side of the membrane
Diffusion net, random movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, eventually resulting in even distribution
Concentration Gradient the difference in concentration of a substance across space
isotonic solution in cells, solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances in the solution is the same as the concentration of dissolved substances inside a cell
hypotonic solution in cells, solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances is lower in the solution outside the cell than the concentration inside the cell; causes a cell to swell and possibly burst as water enters the cell.
hypertonic solution in cells, solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances outside the cell is higher than the concentration inside the cell; causes a cell to shrink as water leaves the cell
passive transport movement of particles across cell membranes by diffusion or osmosis; the cell uses no energy to move particles across the membrane
active transport energy-expending process by which cells transport materials across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient
cancer uncontrolled cell division that may be caused by environmental factors and/or changes in enzyme production in the cell cycle.
Created by: mpiontek
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