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Chapter 7 mep
exam study
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell theory | all organisms are composed of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms, all cells come from preexisting cells |
| prokaryotes | most unicellular organisms, such as bacteria, do not have membrane-bound organelles |
| eukaryotes | most of the multicellular organisms we know are made up of eukaryotic cells-cell containing membrane-bound organelles |
| plasma membrane | the flexible boundary between the cell and its environment, to allow a steady supply of nutrients to come into the cell no matter what the external conditions are. |
| selective permeability | a process in which a membrane allows some molecules to pass through while keeping others out. |
| phospholipid | has a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group. The plasma membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer, which has two layers of phospholipids back-to-back |
| cell wall | a fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane that provides additional support and protection |
| chromatin | long strands of DNA found in the eukaryotic cell nucleus; condense to form chromosomes |
| nucleolus | organelle in eukaryotic cell nucleus that produces ribosomes |
| ribosome | nonmembrane-bound organelles in the nucleus where proteins are assembled |
| cytoplasm | clear, gelatinous fluid in cells that is the site of numerous chemical reactions; in eukaryotic cells, it suspends the cell's organelles |
| endoplasmic reticulum | organelle in eukaryotic cells with a series of highly folded membranes surrounded in cytoplasm; site of cellular chemical reactions; can either be rough (with ribosomes) or smooth (without ribosomes) |
| Golgi apparatus | organelle in eukaryotic cells with a system of flattened tubular membranes; sorts and packs proteins and sends them to their appropriate destinations. |
| vacuole | membrane-bound space in the cytoplasm of cells used for the temporary storage of materials |
| lysosome | organelles that contain digestive enzymes; digest excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria |
| chloroplast | chlorophyll-containing organelles found in the cells of green plants and some protists; capture light energy and converted it to chemical energy |
| plastid | group of plant organelles that are used for storage of starches, lipids, or pigments |
| chlorophyll | light-absorbing pigment in plants and some protists that is required for photosynthesis; absorbs most wavelengths of light except for green |
| mitochondria | eukaryotic membrane-bound organelles that transform energy stored in food molecules; has a highly folded inner membrane that produces energy-storing molecules |
| cytoskeleton | cellular framework found within the cytoplasm composed of microtubules and microfilaments |
| microtubule | thin, hollow cylinders made of protein that provide structural support for eukaryotic cells |
| microfilament | thin, solid protein fibers that provide structural support for eukaryotic cells |
| cilia | short, numerous, hairlike projections composed of pairs of microtubules; frequently aid in locomotion |
| flagella | long projections composed of microtubules; found on some cell surfaces; they help propel cells and organisms by a whiplike motion |
| transport vesicles | transports valuable proteins for specific functions and prepares them for transport made up of cisternae. |
| nucleus | positively charged center of an atom composed of neutrons and positively charged protons, and surrounded by negatively charged elections, in eukaryotic cells, the central membrane-bound organelle that manages cellular functions and contains DNA |
| cell membrane | a thin, flexible envelope that surrounds the cell |
| proteins | large, complex polymer essential to all life composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur; provides structure for tissues and organs and helps carry out cell metabolism |
| chromosomes | cell structures that carry the genetic material that is copied and passed from generation to generation of cells |
| vesicles | small round membrane sacs that are used to transport proteins and other materials throughout the cell |
| Plasma Membrane, Cytoplasm, and mitochondria | maintain homeostasis |
| plasma membrane, vacuole, and lysosome | protecting the cell |
| golgi apparatus plasma membrane, and transport vesicles | deliver things such as protein through the cell |
| nucleus chromatin and nucleolus | the nucleus houses the chromatin and nucleolus |
| chloroplast, central vacuole, and cell wall | keeps cell alive and healthy, only in plant cells |
| cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, and cell wall | function together for the structure of the cell |
| endoplasmic reticulum, transport vesicles, and golgi apparatus | synthesizes, transports and modifies proteins |
| ribosome, chromosome, and endoplasmic reticulum | synthesize, make proteins |
Created by:
mpiontek
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