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Chapter 6 mp
exam study
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| polar molecule | a molecule with an unequal distribution of charge; that is, each molecule has a positive end and a negative end. |
| hydrogen bonding | the attraction of opposite charges between hydrogen and oxygen forms a weak bond |
| adhesion | stick fast to (a surface or substance) |
| cohesion | the sticking together of particles of the same substance |
| density | ice is less dense that liquid water so it floats as ti forms in a body of water. water expands when it freezes. |
| solvent | the liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution |
| monomer | a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer |
| polymers | a large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together |
| Processes that makes and breaks up polymers | condensation-small molecules that bonded together to make polymer have an -H & -OH group can be removed to form H-O-H, H2O molecule. Hydrolysis breaks them apart. Hydrogen & hydroxyl groups from water attach to bonds between subunits that make up polymer. |
| 4 molecules of life | carbohydrate, protein, lipid, nucleic acid |
| monosaccharide | the simplest type of carbohydrate thats a simple sugar |
| disaccharide | two monosaccharide molecules can combine to form a two-sugar carbohydrate |
| polysaccharide | polymers composed of many monosaccharide subunits |
| 3 main polysaccharides | starch, glycogen, and cellulose |
| lipid molecule | consists of three fatty acids linked with a molecule of glycerol. Glycerol is a three-carbon molecule that serves as a backbone for a lipid molecule. Attached to the glycerol are three fatty acid groups. |
| 3 uses for lipids | Lipids are used in cells for energy storage, insulation, and protective coverings |
| unsaturated lipid | If a double bond is present in the chain, the fatty acid is unsaturated |
| saturated lipid | each carbon in the chain is bonded to other carbons by single bonds |
| building blocks for proteins | amino acids |
| 2 things must happen for a protein to work | The number and sequence of amino acids that make up a protein are important in determining its shape. The ultimate three-dimensional shape that the protein folds into is extremely important to the functioning of the protein. |
| proteins | a large, complex polymer composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. |
| enzymes | type of protein found in all living things that changes the rate of chemical reactions |
| structure of nucleic acid | a complex biomolecule that stores cellular information in the form of a code. Nucleotides consist of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus atoms arranged in three groups-nitrogenous base, simple sugar, and phosphate group. |
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mpiontek
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