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Bio test; cell life
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cilium | Short air-like structures |
| Microtubule | Hollow tube that acts like a tract; part of the cytoskeleton |
| Chromosome | Structure containing condensed DNA |
| Mitochondria | Powerhouse of the cell; where ATP energy is made |
| Smooth ER | Connected flattened sacs where lipids are built and transported; also plays a roll in detoxifying drugs and poisons |
| Rough ER | Connected flattened sacs covered with ribosomes; makes and transports proteins |
| Cytosol | Part of the cytoplasm |
| Chlorophyll | Green pigment |
| Plasma Membrane | Regulates what enters and leaves the cell; made of a phospholipid bilayer |
| Ribosome | Structure responsible for protein synthesis |
| Flagella (flagellum) | Protrudes from cell's surface and enables movement |
| Golgi Apparatus | Responsible for packing materials for transport out of cell; like the UPS of the cell |
| Lysosome | Contains digestive enzymes |
| Vacuole | Function as storage places in the cell |
| Cell Wall | Provides support for the cell; rigid |
| Chloroplast | Where photosynthesis occurs |
| Nucleus | Houses the DNA |
| Cytoplasm | Interior of the cell; from the nuclear envelope to the plasma membrane; holds everything |
| Cytoskeleton | Keeps cell membrane from collapsing; acts as the cell "skeleton" |
| Centrioles | Found in animal cells, but not plant cells; play a roll in mitosis |
| Nucleolus | Dense area of the nucleus; where ribosomes are made |
| Pseudopod | Cytoplasmic extension used for food ingestion or movement |
| Thylakoid | Flattened sac in the chloroplast; where part of photosynthesis takes place |
| Organelle | Carries out specific activities in a cell |
| Phospholipid bilayer | Double layer of phospholipids |
| Cell | Basic unit of life |
| Tissue | Group of cells that carry out a specific function |
| Plastid | I.e. chloroplast |
| Prokaryote | Single-celled organism tat lacks a membrane-bound nucleus |
| Eukaryote | Organism whose cells each have a membrane bound nucleus |
| Organ | Group of tissues |
| Cell Theory | 1)Cells are the smallest unit of life 2)All living organisms are made up of cells 3)All cells come from preexisting cells |
| Light Microscope (LM) | Visible light passes through a specimen and then through glass lenses, which magnify the image (up to 1,000x) |
| Electron Microscopes (EMs) | Used to study subcellular structures |
| Scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) | Focus a beam of electrons onto the surface of a specimen, providing images that look 3-D |
| Transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) | Focus a beam of electrons through a specimen and are used mainly to study the internal structures of cells |
| Prokaryote; list the domains | Bacteria and Archea |
| Eukaryotes; list the domains | Protists, fungi, animals, plants |
| What are the basic features of ALL cells? | Plasma membrane, cytosol, chromosomes (carry genes), ribosomes (make proteins) |
| Food vacuoles | Formed by phagocytosis |
| Contractile vacuoles | Found in many freswater protists; pump excess water out of cells |
| Cristae | In the mitochondria, smooth outer membrane and inner membrane fold to form the cristae, which increases surface area |
| What three molecular structures compose the cytoskeleton? | Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments |
| Robert Hooke | First to observe cells using an early light microscope and thin slices of cork |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | First to observe living cells; called then animalcules (now called protists) |
| Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, Rudolf Virchow | Developed the cell theory |
Created by:
mystudygroup
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