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Advanced Bio Final
Flashcards for the bio final.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| human sex chromosome number | 46 |
| autosomes | 44 - same in both boys and girls |
| sex chromosomes | 2 - left over chromosomes - males always get them from their mothers |
| haploid | n - 23 chromosomes - 1 of each |
| diploid | 2n - 46 chromosomes - 2 of each |
| somatic cells | body cells - cells that make up our body which each have 46 chromosomes |
| gametes | sex cells - sperm and ovum |
| down syndrome | extra chromosome on the 21st set of chromosomes - it is a trisomy |
| mitosis | the dividing part of a cells life - ipmat - how somatic cells divide |
| cell cycle | g1 (cell growth), then S (dna synthesis), then g2 (growth and preparation for mitosis), then mitosis, then cytokinesis |
| meiosis | how gametes are formed - extra steps... |
| mendel | studied peas - heredity |
| homozygous | one |
| heterozygous | both |
| phenotype | physically |
| phenotype ratio | phyiscally : physically : etc. |
| genotype | genetically |
| genotype ratio | genetically : genetically : etc. |
| probability | the likelihood that an event will occur |
| punnett square | a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment |
| pedigree | a family tree - mother is sex-linked and both parents is autosomal |
| mutation | something in genetics/dna that has been changed or damaged |
| hemophilia | a medical condition in which the ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced |
| dna | directs cell division |
| nucleic acids | dna or rna - molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain |
| codon chart | gives the genetic code and tabulates the codons for each amino acid at translation of mRNA into protein, as well as the stop and start codons. Eg. the codon UUU codes for the amino acid phenylalanine. - left==>top==>right |
| bird heart | has 4 chambers |
| drosophila life cycle | egg then 1st instar larva then 2nd instar larva then 3rd instar larva then pupa then adult fly |
| metamorphosis | pupal phase to adult fly |
| drosophila medium | water and oatmeal - what the flies eat |
| male and female drosophila | male has sex combs and a dark abdomen - female has none of those |
| wildtype fly | red-eyed flies |
| chicken ovum | made in the ovary and found in the follicles |
| somites | give rise to the skeleton, the muscles, and the dermis |
| yolk sac | collects nutrients, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| allantois | holds the waste product of the egg |
| albumen | protein - clear of egg (white) |
| air chamber | the little air spot in the egg where the chicken embryo makes the pip |
| gastrulation | folding process resulting is differentation |
| differentiation | not the same as each other during gastrulation - destined cells becoming different types |
| cleavage | think of cleavage |
| infundibulum | where fertilization occurs |
| magnum | longest section of the ovaduct |
| isthmus | makes the inner and outer shell membranes |
| vagina | where the egg comes out of |
| autosomal | not sex-linked |
| sex-linked | is sex-linked |
Created by:
jruggiero
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