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ch. 2
ch.2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| atom | basic unit of matter |
| particles that make up an atom | protons, neutrons, electrons |
| nucleus | protons and neutrons located in |
| electron | negatively charged |
| proton | positively charged |
| neutron | no charge |
| element | is a pure substance that consists entierely of one type of atom |
| isotope | atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain |
| isotopes | because they have the same number of electrons, all isotoopes of an element have the same chemical properties |
| chemical compound | is a substance formed by the cehmical combination of two or more elements in a definite proportion |
| ionic bond | is formed when one or more electroms are transferred from one atom to another |
| covalent bond | forms when electrons are shared between atoms |
| molecule | is the smallest unti of most compounds |
| van der Waals force | molecules are close together, a slight attraction can develop between oppositely charged regions of nearby moleucles Chemists call the intermolcular forces of attraction |
| polarity | a water molecule is polare because there is an uneven distribution of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms |
| cohesion | is an attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | is an attraction between molecules of different substances |
| mixture | a material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together, but not cehmically combined |
| solution | all components of a solution are evenly distributed throughout the solution |
| solute | the substance that is dissolved |
| solvent | the substance in which the solute dissolves |
| suspensions | water and non dissolved materials |
| pH scale | indicates the concentration of teh H+ ions |
| acid | acidic solutions contain higher concentrations of H+ ions thean pure water and have pH values below 7 |
| base | basic or alkaline solutions contain lower concentrations of H+ ions than pure water and have pH values above 7 |
| buffers | are weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sudden changes in pH |
| four groups of organic compounds found in living things | carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins |
| carbohydrates | are compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio ex. starches and sugars |
| polymer | formed when small molecules called monomers join together |
| polysaccharide | larege macromolecule formed form a monosaccharides |
| lipids | used to store energy ex. fats, oils, and waxes |
| nucleic acid | sore and transmit hereditary or genetic information |
| 2 kinds of nucleic acids | ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
| proteins | help to carry out chemical reactions, transport small molecules in and out of cells, and fight diseases/made up of amino acids |
| Protein | some proteins control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes. Some are used to form bone and muscle. Others transport substances into or out of cells or help fight diseases. |
| reactant | elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction |
| products | elements or compounds produced bya chemical reaction |
| chemical reactions | always involve the breaking of bonds in reactants and the formation of new bonds in products |
| carbonic acid chemical reaction | CO2 + H2O =H2CO3 |
| energy changes | chemical reactions that release energy often occur sponaneously. chemical reachtions that absorb energy will not occur without a source of energy |
| activation energy | chemists call the energy that is needed to get a reaction started |
| catalyst | is a substance that speeds up the reate of a chemical reaction |
| enzymes | speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells |
| substrates | reactants of enzyme catalyzed reactions |
| draw a formula for an amino acid | (blank) |
| iodine | tests for starch |
| biuret | test for proteins |
| benedicts | tests for sugar |
| Sudan III | (blank) |
| paper bag test for fat | (blank) |
Created by:
fisher_d
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