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Biology final sem. 1
biology final semester 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| biology is the study of _______. | life |
| what is homeostasis? | the stable internal environment of living things |
| characteristics of life | cells, organization, energy use, homestasis, reproduction, growth |
| steps of the Scientific Method | form a question, research, hypothesize, conduct experiment, collect and analyze data, draw a conclusion, report results |
| three subatomic particles, their charge, and their location | proton: nucleus, positive electron: nucleus, negative neutron: outside the nucleus, neutral |
| two types of bonds | covalent: when two atoms share one or more pairs of elctrons; produce molecules ionic: one atom loses electrons and the other atom gains electrons; produces ions |
| molecular formula of water? | H2O |
| properties of water and an example of each | adhesion: water clings to otheer surfaces; in a glass cohesion: water molecules cling to each other and form surface tension; bug walking on water capillarity: adhesion and cohesion enable water to move through narrow tubes against gravity; straw |
| ranges of an acid, base, and neutral solution on the pH scale | acid: 1-6 neutral: 7 base: 8-14 |
| polar compound and an example | compound where one side has a negative charge and the other has a positive charge; water |
| all organic compounds contain the element _______. | carbon |
| monomer, polymer, and example of carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and nucleic acid | carb: monosaccharide; polysaccharide; glucose protein: amino acid; polypeptide; alanine lipid: fatty acid; steroid, tryglericide, wax, phospholipids;linoleic acid nucleic acid: nucleotides; DNA and RNA |
| differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes and an example of each | prokaryotes: simple, no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles; paramecium eukaryotes: complex, nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; human |
| mitochondria | releases usable energy for the cell, powerhouse of the cell |
| golgi body | modifies, sorts, and packages macromolecules |
| cell membrane | regulates the molecules that enter and leave the cell |
| nucleus | stores hereditary information, directs all actions of the cell |
| vacuole | stores enzymes and waste products |
| chloroplast | makes carbohydrates through process of photosynthesis; converts sun's energy to chemical energy in organic compounds |
| lysosome | contains enzymes that digest molecules and damaged organelles |
| cytoskeleton | network of protein tubules that provide shape for cells; maintain size and shape; support and protect the cell |
| ribosome | protein synthesis; some attached to the rough ER |
| cell wall | protects and upports the plant cell |
| osmosis | diffusion af water molecules |
| diffusion | movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration |
| passive transport | movement of materials from high to low concentration without ATP, energy |
| active transport | movement of molecules from high to low concentration using ATP, energy |
| endocytosis | taking substances into a cell |
| exocytosis | releasing substances from a cell |
| facilitated diffusion | carrier proteins form channels through which molecules can pass (passive transport) |
| levels of organization in a multicellular organism from simplest to most complex | cell--> tissue--> organ--> organ system--> |
| define autotroph and heterotroph and give an example | autotroph: makes its own food heterotroph: relies on autotrophs for food |
| light-absorbing molecules plants are called______. | chlorophyll |
| why do mosts plants appear green? | the chloroplasts in plant cells reflect green light |
| equation for photosynthesis | light + CO2 + H2O ---> O2 + C6H12O6 |
| equation for cellular respiration | O2 + C6H12O6 ---> CO2 + H2O + energy |
| difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration | aerobic- requires oxygen anaerobic-does not require oxygen |
| reactant and products of glycolysis | reactant- glucose products- ATP, pyruvic acid |
| two main types of fermentation | lactic acid alcoholic |
| calculate the total mgnification | smallest: 40 medium: 100 largest: 400 |
| diploid vs, haploid cells | diploid: 2 copies of chromosomes, not reproductive haploid: 1 copy of chromosomes, reproductive |
| stages of the cell cycle | G1, S, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis |
| phases of mitosis | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| compare mitosis and meiosis | meiosis: halves # of chromosomes, 4 cells produced, gametes mitosis: same # of chromosomes, 2 cells prduced, somates |
| define crossing-over and advantages | exchange of DNA genes; provides variation in separate organisms in the species |
| eyepiece | where one looks in the microscope |
| revolving nosepiece | holds the three different objective lens |
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