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Gibault Biology Exam
Biology Fall Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 4 characteristics of living things? | 1. have orderly structure 2. produce offspring 3. grow and develop 4. adjust to changes in the environment |
| Define organization | orderly structure that all living things show |
| Define reproduction | the production of offspring |
| Define species | group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring in nature |
| Define growth | increase in the amount of living material and the formation of new structures |
| Define development | all of the changes that take place during the life of an organism |
| Define stimulus | anything in an organism's external or internal environment that causes the organism to react |
| Define Response | reaction to a stimulus |
| Define homeostasis | regulation of an organism's internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for its survival |
| Define adaptation | any inherited structure, behavior, or internal process that enables an organism to respond to environmental factors and live to produce offspring |
| Define evolution | gradual change in a species through adaptation over time |
| List the steps of the scientific method | 1. Observe 2. Think of a problem 3. Hypothesis 4. Experiment 5. Write down results 6. Draw conclusions |
| What is the "control" in an experiment? | the part of an experiment that is standard against which results are compared |
| What is the "Dependent Variable" in an experiment? | the condition in an experiment in which any changes in it depend on changes made to the independent variable. |
| What is the "Independent Variable" in an experiment? | the condition in an experiment that is tested |
| What is the difference between a hypothesis, theory, and law? | a hypothesis is an explanation for a question or a problem that can be tested, a theory is an explanation of a natural phenomenon that is supported by scientific evidence |
| List the levels of organization and give examples | 1. Biosphere 2. Ecosystem 3. Biological Community 4. Population 5. Organism |
| What is a monomer? | the building blocks of polymers |
| What is a polymer? | large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together |
| What are the 4 molecules of life? | |
| Describe the difference between a monosaccharide, a disaccharide & a polysaccharide | A monosaccharide contains 1 simple sugar, a disaccharide contains 2, and a polysaccharide contains 3. |
| What are the 3 main polysaccharides? | Starch, glycogen, and cellulose |
| What are the 3 uses for lipids? | Energy storage, insulation, and protective coverings |
| What is the difference between a unsaturated lipid and a saturated one? | Unsaturated fatty acid groups have a double bond when saturated do not |
| What are the building blocks of proteins? | Amino acids |
| What must happen before a protein can work? | An enzyme must unlock it like a lock and key |
| How are proteins and enzymes related? | The enzymes are designed to unlock proteins through a system like a lock and key |
| What is the structure of nucleic acid? | Nucleic acids are complex bio-molecules that store cellular information in the form of a code. Nucleic acids are polymers made of smaller subunits called nucleotides |
| What are the 2 basic types of cells? | Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes |
| What are the differences between the 2 different types of cells? | Prokaryotes have no membrane bound organelles, but eukaryotic cells do |
| What is selectively permeability? | a process in which a membrane allows some molecules to pass through while keeping others out |
| How is the plasma membrane made? | During the formation of a lipid, if a phosphate group replaces a fatty acid, a phospholipid is formed. Plasma membranes are composed of a phospholipid bilayer |
| What is osmosis? | diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
| What is diffusion? | net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration which results because of the random movement of particles |
| What is a concentration gradient? | Condition in which there is continuous movement but no overall concentration change |
| What is an isotonic solution? | the concentration of dissolved substances in the solution is the same as the concentration of dissolved substances inside the cell |
| What is a hypertonic solution? | concentration of dissolved substances is lower in the solution outside the cell than the concentration inside the cell |
| What is a hypotonic solution? | the concentration of dissolved substances outside the cell is higher than the concentration inside the cell |
| What is active transport? | movement of materials through a membrane against a concentration gradient and requires energy from the cell |
| What is passive transport? | movement of particles across the cell membrane with the concentration gradient, thus requires no energy form the cell |
| Describe the cell cycle. | the sequence of growth and division of a cell. 2 general periods: a period of growth and a period of division |
| What is the basic result of mitosis? | cell reproduction |
| What is cancer? | malignant quick growth and division of cells that group together in tumors and take away energy from other cells |
| How does cancer form? | uncontrolled cell division that may be caused by environmental factors and/or changes in enzyme production in a cell cycle |
| What does cancer do? | drains energy from good cells which can result in disrupting the function of organs, organ systems, and ultimately, the organism |
| How is energy stored in a cell? | Energy is stored in ATP and ADP molecules in a cell |
| What is the purpose of ATP? | ATP stores the energy needed for the cell |
| Where is the energy in ATP stored? | the energy is stored in its bonds because they repel each other, so when the bonds are broken, energy is released |
| What is the equation for photosynthesis? | 6CO2 + 6H20 -> C6H1206 + 6O2 |
| What are the 2 reactions in photosynthesis? | light-dependent and light-independent |
| What are the 3 reactions of respiration? | glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and the electron transport chain |
| What is the final number of ATP through cellular respiration? | 36: 2 from glycolysis, 2 from the Krebs Cycle, and 36 from the electron transport chain |
| What happens when muscles fatigue? | lactic acid builds up around the muscles because not enough oxygen is received |
| What is the difference between lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation? | in lactic acid fermentation, is used in times when there is not enough oxygen and helps get the energy around to the cells by aiding glycolysis. Alcoholic fermentation is used by yeast cells and ome bacteria to produce CO2 and ethyl alcohol |
| What is the leaf's role in photosynthesis and cellular respiration? | ??? |
| What are the steps of mitosis? | 1. Interphase 2. Prophase 3. Metaphase 4. Anaphase 5. Telophase |
| What is transpiration? | the loss of water through the stomata |
Created by:
jeffdemond
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