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Semester Test - Kate
Earth Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A series of problem-solving procedures that help scientists conduct experiments. | Scientific Notation |
| A testable explanation of a situation that can be supported or disproved by careful procedures. | Hypothesis |
| The factor that is changed by the experimenter. | Independent Variable |
| The factor that is affected by changes in the independent variable. | Dependent Variable |
| A solid in which the atoms are arranged in repeating patterns. | Crystal |
| The way a mineral reflects light from its surface. | Luster |
| A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched. | Hardness |
| A mineral that splits relatively easily and evenly along one or more flat planes. | Cleavage |
| Minerals that break with rough or jagged edges. | Fracture |
| The color of a mineral when it is broken up and powdered. | Streak |
| When lava or magma cools and minerals crystallize. | Igneous Rock |
| When magma cools and crystallizes below Earth's surface | Intrusive Rock |
| When lava cools and crystallizes above Earth's surface. | Extrusive Rock |
| Dark-colored, have lower silica contents, and contain mostly plagioclase and pyroxene. | Basaltic Rock |
| Light-colored, have high silica contents, and contain mostly quartz, potassium feldspar, and plagioclase feldspar. | Granitic Rock |
| Small pieces of rock that are moved and deposited by water, wind, glaciers, and gravity. | Sediment |
| The physical and chemical processes that transform sediments into sedimentary rocks. | Lithification |
| The percentage of open spaces between grains in a rock. | Porosity |
| Rocks with needle-like crystals formed with long axes perpendicular to the pressure. | Foliated |
| Metamorphic rocks that form with blocky crystal shapes. | Nonfoliated |
| The process in which materials on or near Earth's surface break down and change. | Weathering |
| A type of weathering in which rocks and minerals break down into smaller pieces. | Mechanical Weathering |
| The process by which rocks and minerals undergo changes in their composition. | Chemical Weathering |
| The removal of weathered rock and soil from its original location. | Erosion |
| Transported materials are dropped in another location. | Deposition |
| The process by which precipitation that has fallen on land trickles into the ground and becomes groundwater. | Infiltration |
| The upper boundary of the zone of saturation. | Water Table |
| Permeable sediment and rock that groundwater can flow through. | Aquifer |
| Impermeable layers that are barriers to groundwater flow. | Aquiclude |
| The pressurized water in a well drilled into an artisian aquifer can spurt above the land surface in the form of a fountain. | Artesian Well |
Created by:
Katelyn Whitlock
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