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ES Semester Vocab
semester vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A series of problem solving procedures that help scientists conduct experiments | Scientific Method |
| A testable explanation of a situation | Hypothesis |
| factor that is manipulated by the experimenter in an experiment | Independent Variable |
| factor in an experiment that can change if the independent variable is changed | Dependent Variable |
| solid in which atoms are arranged in repeating patterns | Crystal |
| the way that a mineral reflects light from its surface two types metallic and nonmetallic | Luster |
| measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched which is determined by the arrangement of a minerals atoms | Hardness |
| the manner in which a mineral breaks along planes where atomic bonding is weak | Cleavage |
| when a mineral breaks into pieces with arclike rough or jagged edges | Fracture |
| color a mineral leaves when it is rubbed across an unglazed porcelain plate or when it is broken up an powdered | Streak |
| intrusive or extrusive rock formed from the cooling and crystallization of magma or lava | Igneous Rock |
| coarse grained igneous rock that is formed when molten rock cools slowly and solidifies inside earths crust | Intrusive Rock |
| fine grained igneous rock that is formed when molten rock cools quickly and solidifies on Earth's surface | Extrusive Rock |
| rock that is dark colored has lower slica contents and is rich in iron and magnesium; contains mostly plagioclase and pyroxene | Basaltic Rock |
| light colored rock that has high silica content and contains quartz and potassium | Granitic Rock |
| small pieces of rock that are moved and deposited by water wind glaciers and gravity | Sediment |
| the physical and chemical processes that transform sediments into sedimentary rocks | Lithification |
| percentage of open spaces between grains in a material | Porosity |
| metamorphic rock such as shicst or gneiss whose minerals are squeezed under high pressure and arranged in wavy layers and bands | Foliated |
| metamorphic rocks like quarzite and marble composed mainly of minerals that form with blocky crystal shapes | Nonfoliated |
| short term variations in atmosphere phenomena that interact and affect the environment and life on earth | Weathering |
| process that breaks down rocks and minerals into smaller pieces but does not involve any change in their composition | Mechanical Weathering |
| process by which rocks and minerals undergo changes in their composition due to chemical reactions with agents such as acids water oxygen and carbon dioxide | Chemical Weathering |
| removal and transport of weathered materials from one location to another by agents such as water wind glaciers and gravity | Erosion |
| occurs when eroded materials are dropped in another location | Deposition |
| process by which precipitation that has fallen on land surfaces enters the ground and becomes groundwater | Infiltration |
| upper boundary of the zone of saturation that rises during wet seasons and drops during dry periods | Water Table |
| permeable underground layer through which groundwater flows relatively easily | Aquifer |
| impermeable layer that is a barrier to groundwater such as silt clay and shale | Aquiclude |
| fountain of water that spurts above the land surface when a well taps a deep confined aquifer containing water under pressure | Artesian Well |
Created by:
Katie Jones
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