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1st ES semester test
Earth Science 2nd Quarter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A series of problem-solving procedures that help scientists conduct experiments. | scientific method |
| A testable explanation of a situation. | hypothesis |
| Factor that is manipulated by the experimenter in an experiment. | independent variable |
| Factor in an experiment that can change if the independent variable is changed. | dependent variable |
| Solid in which atoms are arranged in repeating patterns. | crystal |
| The way that a mineral reflects light from it’s surface; two types- metallic and nonmetallic. | luster |
| Measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched, which is determined by the arrangement of a mineral’s atoms. | hardness |
| The manner in which a mineral breaks along planes where atomic bonding is weak. | cleavage |
| When a mineral breaks into pieces with arclike, rough, or jagged edges. | fracture |
| Color a mineral leaves when it is rubbed across an unglazed porcelain plate or when it is broken up and powdered. | streak |
| Intrusive or extrusive rock formed from the cooling and crystallization of magma or lava. | igneous rock |
| Coarse- grained igneous rock that is formed when molten rock cools slowly and solidifies inside Earth’s crust. | intrusive rock |
| Fine grained igneous rock that is formed when molten rock cools quickly and solidifies on Earth’s surface. | extrusive rock |
| Rock that is dark colored has lower silica contents, and is rich in iron and magnesium; contains mostly plagioclase and pyroxene. | basaltic rock |
| Light colored rock that has high silica content and contains quartz and potassium. | granitic rock |
| Small pieces of rock that are moved and deposited by water, wind, glaciers, and gravity. | sediment |
| The physical and chemical processes that transform sediments into sedimentary rocks. | lithification |
| Percentage of open spaces between grains in a material. | porosity |
| Metamorphic rock such as schist or gneiss whose minerals are squeezed under high pressure and arranged in wavy layers and bands. | foliated |
| Metamorphic rocks like quartzite and marble, composed mainly of minerals that form with blocky crystal shapes. | nonfoliated |
| Chemical or mechanical process that breaks down and changes rocks on or near Earth’s surface and whose rate is influenced by factors such as precipitation and temperature. | weathering |
| Process that breaks down rocks and minerals into smaller pieces but does not involve any change in their composition. | mechanical weathering |
| Process by which rocks and minerals undergo changes in their composition due to chemical reactions with agents such as acids, water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. | chemical weathering |
| The removal of weathering rock and soil from its original location. | erosion |
| Occurs when eroded materials are dropped in another location. | deposition |
| Process by which precipitation that has fallen on land surfaces enters the ground and becomes groundwater. | infiltration |
| Upper boundary of the zone of saturation that rises during wet seasons and crops during dry periods. | water table |
| Permeable underground layer through which groundwater flows relatively easily. | aquifer |
| Impermeable layer that is barrier to groundwater; such as silt, clay, and shale. | aquiclude |
| Fountain of water that spurts above the land surface when a well taps a deep confined aquifer containing water under pressure. | artesian well |
Created by:
huntermarshall.shs
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