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N142
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nociceptive pain | Tissue injury Localized Throbbing/aching |
| Somatic nociceptive pain | Can be skin, subcutaneous tissue, joints, tendons, muscles, bones |
| Visceral pain | Large interior organs Constant or intermittent |
| Neuropathic pain | Lesion of nerves Injury to PNS or CNS Burning, shooting |
| Acute pain | Short term, dissipates after surgery |
| Thermoregulation | Balance between heat lost and heat produced Controlled by hypothalamus |
| Non shivering thermogenesis | Occurs in newborns Cannot shiver so they rely on vasoconstriction through an increase in norepinephrine |
| Malignant hyperthermia | Increased temp developed as a response to anesthetic |
| Heatstroke | Heat depresses hypothalamic function and overwhelmed heat loss mechanisms |
| Heat exhaustion | Profuse diaphoresis that results in excess water and electrolyte balance |
| Ventilation | Movement of gases in/out of lungs |
| Diffusion | Movement of oxygen and CO2 between alveoli and red blood cells |
| Perfusion | Distribution of red blood cells to/from pulmonary capillaries |
| Hypercarbia | Increased ventilatory effort, removes excess CO2 |
| Hypoxemia | Low levels of arterial oxygen |
| Orthopnea | Shortness of breath when lying flat |
| Syncope | Light headedness, fainting |
| Cheyne-Stokes respirations | Rate/depth of ventilations are -irregular -alternating periods of apnea and hyperventilation |
| Kussmauls respirations | Respirations are -abnormally deep -increase in rate |
| Biots respirations | Respirations are -shallow for 2-3 breaths -irregular period of apnea |
| Aphasia | Language impairment due to brain damage |
| Brocas aphasia | Expressive Client can understand language but not express themselves |
| Wernickes aphasia | Receptive Client can hear sounds but cannot understand them |
| Global aphasia | Most common and severe form of aphasia Comprehension and speech are severely reduced, reading and writing are impaired |
| Epidermis | Thin tough outer layer Stratified Sheds every 4-6 weeks |
| Dermis | CT and collagen Resists tearing |
| Stratum germinativum | Basal cell layer Forms new cells |
| Stratum corneum | Outer layer Dead keratinized cells |
| Subcutaneous layer | Adipose tissue made of fat cells |
| Xerosis | Dry skin |
| Pruritus | Itchy skin |
| Alopecia | Hair loss |
| Hirsutism | Excess or shaggy hair |
| Vitiligo | Absence of melanin pigment In patches |
| Erythema | Intense redness of skin Excess blood in dilated superficial arteries Common with fever, inflammation, blushing |
| Cyanosis | Bluish discoloration Decreased perfusion Indicates hypoxemia |
| Jaundice | Yellow pigmentation to the skin Rising amounts of bilirubin in the blood |
| Diaphoresis | Perfuse perspiration |
| Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism | Hyper- skin feels soft and smooth Hypo- skin feels rough, dry, flaky |
| Edema | Fluid accumulating in intercellular spaces, swelling |
| Scleroderma | Hard skin Chronic CT disorder associated with decreased mobility |
| Senile lentigines | 'Liver spots' Non malignant |
| Keratosis | Raised thick areas of pigmentation Crusty, scaly, warty |
| Acrochordons | Skin tags (overgrowth) |
| Myalgia | Muscle pain, cramping, aching |
| Hemiplegia | One sided paralysis |
| Hemiparesis | One sided weakness |
| Ankylosis | Stiffness or fixation of joint |
| Crepitation | Audible and palpable crunching that accompanies movement |
| Osteoporosis | Decrease in skeletal bone mass Occurs when bone resorption is greater than formation |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | Chronic inflammatory disease of joints and surrounding CT |
| Osteoarthritis | Noninflammatory localized disorder -deterioration of cartilage and bone, -formation of new bone |
| Right upper quadrant | Liver Gallbladder Duodenum Head of pancreas Right kidney/adrenal Hepatic flexure of colon Part of ascending/transverse colon |
| Left upper quadrant | Stomach Spleen Left lobe of liver Body of pancreas Left kidney/adrenal Splenic flexure of colon Part of transverse/descending colon |
| Right lower quadrant | Cecum Appendix R ovary R ureter R spermatic cord |
| Left lower quadrant | D colon S colon L ovary L ureter L spermatic cord |
| Dyschezia | Pain due to constipation |
| Melena | Black tarry stool due to blood |
| Steartorrhea | Excess fat in stool |
| Dysphagia | Difficulty swallowing |
| Polyguria | Excessive quantity of urine |
| Oligurea | Decreased quantity of urine |
| Dysuria | Pain or burning when urinating |
Created by:
krickcurtis
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