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DNA/RNA Notes

DNA and RNA Structure, Function, Processes

QuestionAnswer
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What are the three parts of a nucleotide? Phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base
Pyrimidine Bases Thymine and Cytosine
Purine Bases Adenine and Guanine
How many rings do purines have? Two
How many rings do pyrimidines have? One
Nucleotides in one strand are held together by what bonds? Covalent
What part of one nucleotide bonds with what part of another? Phosphate group and sugar
The double helix is held together by what bonds? Hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases
When A bonds with T, how many H bonds form? G with C? 2;3
RNA Ribonucleic Acid
RNA base Uracil
How many strands are in RNA? One
Messenger RNA carries genetic material to ribosomes for protein synthesis
Ribosomal RNA helps make ribosomes by reading instructions
Transfer RNA transfers amino acids to ribosome for protein synthesis
In what two organelles can DNA be found? Mitochondria and nucleus
What are the sides of the DNA ladder made of? Phosphate and deoxyribose
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What are the three parts of a nucleotide? Phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base
Pyrimidine Bases Thymine and Cytosine
Purine Bases Adenine and Guanine
How many rings do purines have? Two
How many rings do pyrimidines have? One
Nucleotides in one strand are held together by what bonds? Covalent
What part of one nucleotide bonds with what part of another? Phosphate group and sugar
The double helix is held together by what bonds? Hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases
When A bonds with T, how many H bonds form? G with C? 2;3
RNA Ribonucleic Acid
RNA base Uracil
How many strands are in RNA? One
Messenger RNA carries genetic material to ribosomes for protein synthesis
Ribosomal RNA helps make ribosomes by reading instructions
Transfer RNA transfers amino acids to ribosome for protein synthesis
In what two organelles can DNA be found? Mitochondria and nucleus
What are the sides of the DNA ladder made of? Phosphate and deoxyribose
Frederick Griffith 1928- transformation experiment- DNA carries genetic information
Oswald Avery 1944- isolate components, collections/enzymes- DNA is a nucleic acid
Erwin Chargaff 1950- DNA is not equal among species- base pairing rules
Rosalind Franklin 1950- x-ray crystallography of DNA- helical structure
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase 1952- radioactive substances on bacteriophage- proved that DNA is genetic material
James Watson and Francis Crick 1953- used other experiments- double helix
What type of bond holds the backbone together? Phosphodiester
What is a nucleic acid's function? To carry inherited information
Bacteriophage virus that infects bacteria
What evidence suggested that there was a transforming principle? Mice injected with two nonlethal forms of bacteria died.
Created by: reneslacis
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