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bio ch 9 bush

Biology Chapter 8 Bush

QuestionAnswer
cell cycle cells reproduce by a cycle of growing and dividing called the cell cycle
interphase stage during which the cells grow, carries out cellular functions, and replicates or makes copies of its DNA in preparation for the next stages of this cycle.
mitosis stage of a cell cycle during which the cell's nucleus and nuclear material divide.
cytokinesis the method by which a cell's cytoplasm divides creating a new cell
chromosome the structures that contain the genetic material that is passed on from generation to generation of cells
chromatin the relaxed form of DNA in a cell's nucleus
prophase the first stage and longest phase of mitosis.
sister chromatid structures that contain identical copies of DNA
centromere structure at center of the chromosome where the sister chromatids are attached
spindle apparatus the whole structure including the spindle fibers, centrioles, and aster fibers; it is important in moving and organizing the chromosomes before cell division
metaphase the sister chromatids are pulled by motor proteins along the spindle apparatus of the cell as shown in the figure on page 250
anaphase the chromatids are pulled apart during this phase; the third stage of mitosis
telophase the last stage of mitosis; the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and begin to relax or de-condense
cyclins they bind to enzymes called cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in the stages of interphase and mitosis to start the various activities that take place in the cell cycle.
cyclin-dependent kinases different ones control different activities at different stages of the cell cycle. Figure 11 on page 253.
cancer it is the uncontrolled growth and division of cells of failure of regulation of the cell cycle
carcinogens poisons: substances and agents that are known to cause cancer
apoptosis the programmed cell death. Some are programmed not to survive and will actually shrink and shrivel in a controlled process
stem cells unspecialized cells that can develop into specialized cells under the right conditions. see figure 13 on page 256
Created by: t9bailey
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