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AP Bio Chapter 17

Evolution

QuestionAnswer
adaptation An evolutionary modification that improves an organism's chances of survival and reproductive success
artificial selection Choosing certain traits and breeding only with individuals that exhibited the desired traits.
biogeography The study of the past and present geographical distributions of organisms.
convergent evolution Organisms with separate ancestries may adapt in similar ways.
DNA sequencing Procedure by which the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is determined.
evolution Change in the inherited traits of a population over time.
fossil Parts or traces of an ancient organism usually preserved in rock.
homology Any similarity between characters that is due to their shared ancestry.
homoplasy Occurs when characters are similar, but are not derived from a common ancestor.
index fossils Fossils used to define and identify geologic periods.
macroevolution Large-scale evolutionary change over long time spans.
microevolution Occurrence of small-scale changes in allele frequencies in a population, over a few generations.
molecular clock analysis A comparison of the DNA nucleotide sequences of related organisms to estimate when they diverged from one another during the course of evolution
natural selection Better adapted organisms that are more likely to survive and become parents of the next generation.
phylogeny The complete evolutionary history of a group of organisms.
population A group of organisms of the same species that live in a defined geographical area at the same time.
radioactive decay The process in which a radioactive element emits radiation and, as a result, its nucleus changes into the nucleus of a different element.
species A group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
synthetic theory of evolution Synthesis of previous theories including, Mendelian genetics and Darwinian selection into a modern theory of evolutionary change.
vestigial an evolutionary remnant of a formerly functional structure.
Created by: crescenti
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