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Science chapter 2
Cell structure and function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the cell theory? | 1. all living things are composed of one or more cells 2. the cell is the basic unit of structure and function in every living cell 3. all cells come from other cells |
| what are the two types of cells? explain | prokaryotic: have no nucleus or other membrane bound organelles eukaryotic: have a nucleus and other organelles |
| what is the main ingredient in any cell and the percentage of it found in any cell | water-70% |
| what are the 4 macro molecules | carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins and lipids |
| what are macro molecules? | large substances formed from smaller molecules bounding together |
| what is the definition of carbohydrates | compounds made up of sugar |
| what are the 2 types of carbs? | simple- few sugar molecules *simplest=glucose *sucrose=glucose+glucose+glucose complex- long chain of sugar molecules *lot of glucoses= starch |
| what is the function of carbs? | to give us energy! |
| which type of carb will give u most energy over longer period of time? | starch- take longer to break down! |
| what are proteins? | made up of sub-units called amino acids*over 20 types of amino acids |
| what are the 5 functions of proteins? | 1. build living material(hair, hooves, skin...) 2. Helps speed up chemical reactions 3. helps cells communicate with each other 4. Hemoglobin 5. provides energy |
| what are enzymes and what is an example? | specialized proteins that help speed up chemical reactions. ex.= amalyze= begins process of breaking down nutrients |
| what is hemoglobin? | a protein attached to red blood cells and transports oxygen |
| what are lipids? | fats and oils |
| what are the 4 functions of lipids? | 1. stores energy 2. provides insulation 3. cushions organs 4. makes up cell membrane |
| what are nucleic acids? | made up of sub-units called nucleotides |
| what are 2 types of nucleic acids? | Deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid |
| what are the function of nucleic acids? | to hold our genetic info |
| what are the 4 differences between plant and animal cells? | 1. chloroplasts- contain green pigment called chlorophyll, where photosynthesis occurs(plant) 2. cell wall- provides structural support(plant) 3. Large vacuole-stores glucose and water(plant) 4. centrioles, help in cell reproduction(animal) |
| what are some materials our cells need? | oxygen, lipids, carbs, water, amino acids, glucose |
| what are some things our cells dont need? | viruses, bad bacteria, carbon dioxide, waste materials |
| What is passive transport? | movement across the cell membrane that requires no energy. |
| what are the 3 types of passive transport? | diffusion, osmosis & facilitated diffusion |
| what is diffusion | the movement of materials across the cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to and area of lower concentration |
| what is osmosis? | the movement of water molecules across the cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration....the diffusion of water |
| where is there more pure water..inside or outside your cells | inside your cells...pure water will always wanna go to where there is no pure water |
| what is facilitated diffusion? | diffusion across a cell membrane with the help of membrane proteins |
| what are the 2 types of membrane proteins? | 1. channel proteins 2. carrier proteins |
| what is active transport? | movement of materials across the cell from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration...REQUIRES ENERGY |
| what is endocytosis? | large particles brought into cell...active transport |
| what is extocytosis? | purging of large particle out of a cell |
Created by:
bhmartire
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