Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
AP Mendelian Genetic
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| achondroplastic dwarfism | 75 percent of the people who get this because of mutation but it is also an autosomal dominant genetic disorder; it creates people with short stature; the disorder is passed on hereditarily and Ned's only one allele to affect it because it is a dominant d |
| acromegaly | Abnormal growth of the hands, feet, and face, caused by overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland |
| addition rule | the probability that an event can occur in two or more alternative ways is the sum of the separate probabilities of the different way. |
| albinism | absence of pigmentation in eyes skin and hair. |
| allele | Any of the alternate versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic effects. |
| autosomal | A gene located on a chromosome other than the sex chromosomes. Categories are dominant and recessive. |
| blending hypothesis | proposes that genetic material contributed by each parent mixes in a manner analogous to the way blue and yellow paints blend to make green. a freely mating population like this would eventually give rise to a uniform population of individuals |
| characters | a distinguishing quality, trait, or feature of an individual, thing, disorder, ect. |
| chromosome theory of inheritance | the theory that inheritance patterns are due to the fact that genes are located on chromosomes which are inherited from parents. |
| codominance | The situation in which the phenotypes of both alleles are exhibited in the heterozygote because both alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable way |
| complete dominance | If two alleles have a complete dominance relationship, the phenotype of the heterozygote will be indistinguishable from the phenotype of the homozygous dominant |
| crossing over | The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring. |
| cystic fibrosis | A human genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele for a chloride channel protein; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus and consequently vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated. |
| cytogenic map | A genetic term referring to the visual appearance of a chromosome when stained and examined under a microscope. Particularly important are visually distinct regions, called light and dark bands, which give each of the chromosomes a unique appearance. |
| dihybrid cross | a breeding experiment between P generation (parental generation) organisms that differ in two traits. |
| dominant | the allele of a gene that masks the expression of another allele at the same locus. |
| duchenne muscular dystrophy | caused by a defective gene for dystrophin. A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue. |
| epistasis | when a gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus |
| expressivity | refer to variations in a phenotype among individuals carrying a particular genotype |
| extranuclear genes | Genes included in the DNA present in organelles other than the nucleus, such as the mitochondria and chloroplasts, some of which code for the synthesis of proteins. |
| F1 Generation | First (first filial) generation, offspring of the Parental generation |
| F2 Generation | Second (second filial) generation |
| genetic map | A graphic representation of the arrangement of a gene or a DNA sequence on a chromosome. A genetic map is used to locate and identify the gene or group of genes that determines a particular inherited trait. |
| genetic recombination | general term for the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent |
| genomic imprinting | genetic phenomenon by which certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific-manner; inheritance process independent of the classical Mendelian inheritance |
| genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism |
| hemizygous | Describes an individual who has only one member of a chromosome pair or chromosome segment rather than the usual two |
| hemophilia | a congenital tendency to uncontrolled bleeding, USUALLY affects males and is transmitted from mother to son |
| heterozygous | having one dominant and one recessive allele for a trait. |
| histone acetylation | DNA is wrapped around histones, and by transferring an acetyl group to the histones, genes can be turned on and off. |
| holandric inheritance | the acquisition or expression of traits or conditions only through the paternal line, transmitted by genes located on the nonhomologous portion of the Y chromosome. |
| homozygous | having two identical alleles that code for the same trait. |
| huntington's chorea | A human genetic disorder caused by a dominant allele; characterized by uncontrollable body movements and degeneration of the nervous system; fatal 10-20 years after onset of symptoms. |
| hybridization | the act of mixing different species or varieties of animals or plants and thus to produce hybrids. |
| incomplete dominance | A situation which the phenotype of the heterozygote s is intermediate between the phenotypes of individuals homozygous for either allele. |
| independent assortment | Mendel’s second law, stating that each pair of alleles segregates, or assorts, independently of each other pair during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characters are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes |
| linkage map | a genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes |
| map units | a unit of measurement of the distance between genes. one is equivalent to a 1% recombination frequency |
| matrilineally | tracing ancestral descent through the maternal line. |
| DNA methylation | process by which methyl groups are added to certain nucleotides in genomic DNA. |
| monohybrid cross | hybridization using two alleles. Can be homozygous for a single trait or heterozygous cross between two parents of a single trait |
| multiple alleles | Any of a set of three or more alleles, or alternative states of a gene, only two of which can be present in a diploid organism. |
| multiplication rule | because of the randomness and statistics of genetics, the more traits being used means the more probabilities will be multiplied to get the final probability of a certain gamete |
| mutant | an organism, gene, or chromosome that is different from the wild type by one or more (new) characteristics as caused by mutations. |
| P Generation | The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for “parental.” |
| particulate hypothesis | The idea that parents pass on discrete heritable units (genes). Mendel documented this mechanism with peas and their colors. |
| patrilineal inheritance | inheritance of property or titles through the male line only |
| pedigree | A diagram of a family tree showing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring over multiple generations. |
| penetrance | The frequency, under given environmental conditions, with which a specific phenotype is expressed by those individuals with a specific genotype. |
| phenotype | visible characteristics of an organism resulting from the interaction of its genetic makeup and its environment. |
| phenylketonuria | autosomal recessive metabolic genetic disorder in which the body can't process part of a protein called phenylalanine |
| pleiotropy | the characteristic of a single gene having multiple phenotypic effects |
| polygenic inheritance | an additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character |
| punnett square | a diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the predicted results of random fertilization in genetic crosses |
| recessive | a gene or trait not expressed unless given by both parents |
| recombinants | a cell or individual with a new combination of genes not found together in either parent, usually applied to linked genes. |
| red-green color blindness | red-green dichromacy: confusion of red and green, x-linked recessive. |
| Segregation | the separation at meiosis of the two members of any pair of alleles into separate gametes |
| sex-linked gene | one carried on a sex chromosome, especially on an X chromosome |
| test cross | a cross between an organism whose genotype for a certain trait is unknown and an organism that is homozygous recessive in order to determine the genotype of the dominant individual. |
| traits | A distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person. |
| true-breeding | A true breeding organism, sometimes also called a pure-bred, is an organism having certain biological traits which are passed on when 2 organisms with identical phenotypes procreate an organism for the same traits |
| wild type | A strain, gene, or characteristic that prevails among individuals in natural conditions, as distinct from an atypical mutant type refers to the phenotype of the typical form of a species as it occurs in nature |
Created by:
scholars.biology
Popular Biology sets