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AP Biology

Chapter fourteen-Mendel and the Gene Idea Vocab

QuestionAnswer
character An observable heritable feature.
trait Any detectable variation in a genetic character.
true-breeding Referring to plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.
hybridization In genetics, the mating, or crossing, of two true-breeding varieties.
monohybrid cross An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest. All the offspring from a cross between parents homozygous for different alleles are monohybrids. For example, parents of genotypes AA and aa produce a monohybrid of genotype Aa.
P generation The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; P stands for parental.
F1 generation The first filial, or hybrid, offspring in a series of genetic crosses.
F2 generation Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.
dominant alleles An allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote.
alleles Alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic effects.
recessive alleles An allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote.
homozygous Having two identical alleles for a given gene.
heterosygous Having two different alleles for a given gene.
phenotype The physical and physiological traits of an organism, that are determined by its genetic makeup.
genotype The genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism.
testcross Breeding of an organism of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype. The ratio of phenotypes in the offspring determines the unknown genotype.
dihybrid cross An organism that is heterozygous with respect to two genes of interest. All the offspring from a cross between parents doubly homozygous for different alleles are dihybrids. For example, parents of genotypes AABB and aabb produce a dihybrid of genotype Aa
law of segregation Mendel’s first law, stating that each allele in a pair separates into a different gamete during gamete formation.
law of independent assortment Mendel’s second law, stating that each pair of alleles segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characters are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.
Created by: swimifishi
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