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Plants 2

Plant Stems and Transport

QuestionAnswer
What are the three types of tissues in a plant? Dermis tissue, Vascular tissue and Ground Tissues.
What is the role of the Dermis tissues? These include the Epidermis and generally all the tissues which surround the plant to give it protection.
What are the two types of Vascular Tissues in plants? Xylem and Phloem.
What are the roles of the two types of Vascular tissue in plants? The Xylem transports water and inorganic molecules. The Phloem transports Organic Nutrients.
Parenchyma: The first type of ground tissue to develop and can develop into other types of ground tissues, it is usually used for Storage and Photosynthesis.
Collenchyma: The first ground tissue used mainly for support. They have very thick primary cell walls and are able to elongate as the plant grows.
Sclerenchyma: Dead plant cells with very thick cell walls due to secondary thickening (right angled Microfibrils) impregnated with Lignin to increase the support of the stem. What fibers are made of as they have extremely high tensile strength.
Epidermis: The top layer of cells on a plant, used to protect the cell and secret a waxy cuticle to prevent water loss. Some are adapted to secret defensive substances such as irritant chemicals.
Xylem: Dead tubes that transverse the entire plant from root to leaf, used to transport Water and Mineral Ions. Moves water by Cohesion tension and adhesion.
Phloem: Have companion cells to assist them in moving Sap (water and sugars etc) to places that require sugar for metabolism. Tends to 'push.
Compare the position of Xylem and Sclerenchyma: The both occur in the outer stem however the vascular bundles are only in the inner side where as the Sclerenchyma are inbetween then xylem and other ground tissues.
Compare the structure of Xylem and Sclerenchyma: Both have cell walls made of Cellulose with lignin impregnations but Xylem is a continuous tube from leaf to stem with pits and Sclerenchyma has thick walls with pointed ends to interlock.
Compare the Function of Xylem and Sclerenchyma: Both are used as support but only the Xylem is used to transport water.
Name the three routes which water can be transported from the root to the xylem: Vacuolar pathway, Symplastic pathway, Apopstic pathway:
Describe the Symplast pathway: Water moves by osmosis into the plant cell from the root hairs, then along the cytoplasm along a concentration gradient, through the connected cytoplasms of cells which are connected by the Plasmodesmeta.
Describe the Apoplast Pathway: Water moves by being pulled along the cells walls of the plant cells.
What important roles does water play in plants? It is the main solvent and the location of most metabolic processes, it increases the tugidity of the vacuoles and the cells which is very important in how the cells support the plant, Stomata only open when the well is flush with water (and turgid) CO2.
What are four major Ions that are taken up by the plants root system? Nitrate Ions, Magnesium Ions, Phospherous Ions and Calcium ions.
Name one use of Nitrate ions in plants: They are used to make Amino Acids which are the simple monomers of Polypeptides (Proteins), such as Enzymes and transport proteins on cell membranes.
Name one use of Phosphate ions: They are used to form ATP from ADP which is used as an instantaneous energy source for metabolic processes.
Name one use of Magnesium ions in plants: Magnesium is used to form the Light absorbing pigment Chlorophyll, these are vital to photosynthesis.
Name one use of Calcium Ions in plants: They are responsible for forming Calcium Pectate during the cell division, this leads to the formation on the middle lamella which then forms the cell wall.
Where do plants get their Macro and Micronutrients from? The soil solution, which is the layer of water around each soil particle, they do this through their roots.
Created by: mjwilson1988
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