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Ch.21 (Final)
Climate Change
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which is true about temperature trends averaged over the last 30 years | temperatures on land are increasing; sea surface temperatures are increasing; troposphere temperatures are increasing; and stratosphere temperatures are decreasing. |
| Which of the following layers of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer? | stratosphere |
| Two ways in which concentrations of CO2 million of years ago can be reconstructed is from the density of stomata in fossilized leaves and _____ | isotopic content of carbon in fossils |
| _____ can alter the surface albedo of the Earth and affect ocean circulation on a million-year time scale. | Plate tectonics |
| The _____ is an international panel of scientists that assesses the evidence for and effects of climate change. | IPCC |
| Cloud droplets and _____, which are small particles suspended in the atmosphere, together relfect around 23% of the incident solar radiation back to space. | atmospheric aerosols |
| Which is not true? | A. In the 1970s there was a scientific consensus about an imminent ice age. |
| Which is true about the Earth’s atmosphere? | Nitrogen is currently the largest constituent |
| Heat energy from solar radiation absorbed at the Earth's surface is known as _____. | terrestrial radiation |
| Which is most true the Greenhouse Effect. | Greenhouse gasses absorb long wavelength (infrared) radiation from the Earth and radiate some of it back towards the Earth. |
| What is the role of the ozone layer? | It protects the surface from ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. |
| Which of the following is not a paleoclimate proxy? | insect trapped in amber |
| The Earth's average climate is determined by its _____, the balance between the amount of energy entering and exiting the Earth system. | radiative balance |
| Which is true? | both a) and b |
| Do the oceans absorb CO2, and if so, what happens? | Yes; they become more acidic |
| By what means do we know that greenhouse gas concentrations have varied quite dramatically over the geologic record? | ice cores |
| Between 1961 and 2003 mean sea level rose _____. | 1.8 mm |
| Climate change will affect human populations in all but the following ways: | all are correct |
| Without this, the Earth would warm up rapidly due to the absorption of solar radiation. | emission of infrared radiation |
| At this point in time global mean temperatures begin to increase substantially and quite rapidly | industrial revolution |
| Which of these rock formations or conditions would imply a colder climate? | Tillite |
| Which of the following atmospheric gases are derived from both natural processes and anthropogenic processes? | carbon dioxide |
| _____ is the most abundant and important greenhouse gas. | CO2 |
| The Sun transmits its energy to Earth in the form of _____. | electromagnetic radiation |
| The orbital theory of climate is also known as _____. | Milankovitch Theory |
| NO2 and CH4 are important greenhouse gases due to their strong _____ of solar radiation | absorption |
| How will agriculture be impacted by climate change? | alter the need for irrigation |
| The Earth is warm due to _____. | greenhouse gases |
| Paleoclimate studies require that scientists find paleoclimate _____, materials that have retained a unique signature of the ancient climate conditions. | proxies |
| The percentage of radiation reflected from a surface is referred to as its _____. | albedo |
| Models of climate are only able to reproduce the warming over the last century only if _____ are added. | greenhouse gases |
| Why is water vapor an extremely important greenhouse gas? | It strongly absorbs IR radiation |
| _____ has been responsible for around 50% of the sea level rise over the last century. | Melting and loss of ice |
| _____ is the increase in the volume that results from increased ocean temperatures. | Thermal expansion |
| Which is true of greenhouse gasses? | they absorb infrared radiation, and re-emit some of it back toward Earth |
| The _____ is the Earth's primary source of energy. | Sun |
| Greenhouse gases can survive in the atmosphere for different amounts of time, which is known as _____. | atmospheric lifetime |
| What is causing the increase in CO2 in the last 200 years? | burning fossil fuels |
| As more CO2 dissolves in the ocean the _____ increases | concentration of H+ |
| _____ are important concepts in climate science. They are factors that amplify or decrease the rate of a process | Feedbacks |
| Where is most of Earth’s carbon stored? | as limestone |
| The most straightforward way to decrease emissions of CO2 is to _____. | move away from using fossil fuels |
Created by:
Thomas.Siu
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