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Ch.2 Chemistry
of Life
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| basic unit of matter | atom |
| the center of the atom which contatins the protons and neutrons | nucleus |
| negatively charged particle; located outside the atomic nucleus | electron |
| substance consisting entirely of one type of atom | element |
| atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from that of other atoms of the same element | isotope |
| substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions | compound |
| bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another | ionic bond |
| atom that has a positive or negative charge | ion |
| bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms | covalent bond |
| smallest unit of most compounds | molecule |
| a slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules | van der Waals forces |
| attraction between molecules of the same substance | cohesion |
| attraction between molecules of different substances | adhesion |
| material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined | mixture |
| mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed | solution |
| substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution | solute |
| substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution | solvent |
| mixture of water and nondissolved materials | suspension |
| measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution | pH scale |
| compound that forms hydrogen ions in solution | acid |
| compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution | base |
| weak acid or base that that can react with strong acids or bases to help prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH | buffer |
| small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers | monomer |
| large compound formed from combinations of many monomers | polymer |
| compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms | carbohydrate |
| single sugar molecule | monosaccharide |
| macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes | lipid |
| macromolecule containing hydrogoen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus | nucleic acid |
| monomer of nucleic acids made up of s 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base | nucleotide |
| single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose | ribonucleic acid (RNA) |
| nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose | deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
| macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen,oxygen, and nitrogen | protein |
| compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end | amino acid |
| process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals | chemical reaction |
| element or compound that enters into a chemical reaction | reactant |
| element or compound produced by a chemical reaction | product |
| energy needed to get a reaction started | activation energy |
| substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction | catalyst |
| protein that acts as a biological catalyst | enzyme |
| reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction | substrate |
Created by:
Hagi131096
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