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bio final exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| an experiment tested the growth effectiveness of a compound on plants growing in a green house. a good control for this experiment would be? | using all the ingredients in the compound except the active ingredient. |
| in Stanley miller's classic experiment on how life evolved, what chemical was notably absent in his flask with simple chemicals? | O2 |
| according to the endosymbiotic theory, plants and animals(eukaryotes) today contain the descendants of ancient bacteria within their body cells. | true |
| litter of 10. 8 with white fur 2 with brown fur. if only white fur survive. what principle of natural selection is this? | survival of the fittest |
| if only a few members of a natural population are destroyed in a disaster like a hurricane, and only a few members are left to pass on their genes, this is know as? | genetic drift |
| what did von leewenhoek do? | invented the microscope and made many discoveries with it |
| what did vorchow do? | law of biogenesis (all celss from preceding cells) |
| what did hooke discover? | published first drawing of a cell. |
| what cell organelle is responsible for the most energy production? | mitochondrion |
| in photosynthesis, what occurs in "light" reaction | energizing of chlorophyll electrons by photons of light. |
| what does Glycolysis do in cellular respiration? | glucose split in two |
| what does the krebs cycle do in cellular respiration? | CO2 and high energy electrons produced |
| what does the electron transport system do?` | most ATP produced here |
| Lactobacillus acidophilus is a bacterium found in yogurt? | true |
| where might be a good place to look for members of the Domain Archaea? | In hot springs, deep sea vents and great salt lake. |
| what group in the kingdom Protista moves as a large mass of cytoplasm over the substrate(visible without a microscope) and engulfs tiny food items? | slime molds |
| what is the function of the choanocytes (collar cells) in sponges? | draw in water and food |
| How do the medusa and ployp forms in cnidaria differ? | medusa is mobile, polyp is not |
| which cnidarian species have only a medusa stage? | jellyfish |
| the cnidarian group that has perhaps the most potent venom in the kingdom Animalia is? | box jellyfish (cubozoans) |
| the "Cambrian Explosion" refers to the time when an asteroid hit the earth and caused the extinction of the dinosaurs. | false |
| know the order starting with Domain->> | DOMAIN>kingdom>phylum>class>order>family>genus>species |
| the genus Homo first appeared on the earth about _ million years ago? | 2 million years ago |
| Humans share more genes with_ than with other primates. | Great apes. |
| When an insect pest develops resistance to a pesticide, this is mainly due to the individual insects adapting durning their lifetime. | false |
| The raw material of evolution is mutation. | true. |
| the way organisms change over time is by? | natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow. all the process of evolution |
| Humans have little muscles that raise each hair because? | they are vestigial structures. |
| all vertebrate embryos have a tail. | true |
| the group of animals having the most species is? | arthopods (insects, crabs, spiders) |
| in photosynthesis, glucose is produced in the _ reaction | dark |
| plants capture the sun's energy in the bonds between_ atoms | carbon |
| the key particle in energy conversions in living systems is high energy _ | electrons |
| the father of modern taxonomy is Carl linnaeus. | true |
| what kingdom is not in the domain Eukarya? | Eubacteria |
| what phylum is protista in? | slime molds |
| what phylum is porifera in? | sponge |
| what phylum is cnidaria in? | sea anemone |
| what class is coral in? | Anthozoa` |
| what class is box jellyfish in? | cubozoa |
| what class is hydra in? | hydrozoa |
| what class is a true jellyfish in? | scyphazoa |
| there are no fresh water cnidarians. | false |
| box jellyfish have eyes similar to vertebrate eyes. | true |
| the Portugese man-o-war actually is a floating colony of many tiny organisms. | true |
| in Flatworms, there is only one opening to the gut cavity. | true |
| the intermediate host of the human liver fluke is a | snail |
| when your dog or cat has worms they are most likely | roundworms |
| trichinosis is most likely cause the death of | mozart |
| where would you find nematodesz? | `inside animals as parasites, free living in soil, and sometimes in vinegar bottles |
| the phylum annelida only has longitudinal muscles in body wall. | false |
| earthworms are in the annelida class? | oligochaeta |
| of the three classes (groups) of annelids, the polychaetes show the most diversity in form. | true |
| which class of mollusca is thought to be the most primitive (closest to ancestoral form) | polyplacophora |
| the molluscan eye that is closest in form to the vertebrate (human) eye is that of the | octopus |
| the most intelligent mollusks are in the class bivalvia | false |
| the organism that causes lyme disease is | bacterium. the tick carries the disease |
| the horseshoe crab is not used for crab legs in restaurants | true |
| how so scallops differ from clams | they swim by clapping their shells |
| horseshoe crabs respire by means of "book" gills(page-like membranes) | true |
| spiders have _eyes and_ legs | 6 eyes and 8 legs |
| in the jumping spider ritual, the male spider must convince the female that he is not | prey |
| black bear meat, like pork, must be cooked to avoid getting trichinosis | true |
| shrimp are not in the class crustacea | true |
| which clas of mollusca most commonly produces pearls? | Bivalvia |
| which mollusks do not have eyes | chitons |
| chiton is in the class? | polyplacophora |
| clam is in the class | bivalvia |
| snail is in the class | gastropoda |
| squid is in the class? | cephalopoda |
| the velvet worm (peripatus) is considered the missing link between? | annelids and arthopods |
| if it has 10 legs, a hard exokeleton, and two pairs of antnnae. it is likely to be an? | crustacean |
| horseshoe crabs have not change much over the last 350 million years | true |
| prawn live in fresh water and shrimp live in salt water | true |
| insects respire by means of tiny tubes that channel air through the body | true |
| barnacles, unlike most crustaceans, are hermaphroditic | true |
| what group of arthropods has the most species | insecta |
| the air openings of a fly(through which they breath)are located on the | abdomen |
| leaf cutter ants actually eat for food | fungi |
| moths hold their wings horizontally at rest and butterflies hold theirs vertical | true |
| what members of the order orthoptera are the "musicians" of late nights with their mating calls? | tree crickets, field crickets and katydids |
| members of the phylum echinodermata tend to have body parts in multiples of four (4) | false |
| orthoptera? | grasshoppers |
| coleoptera? | beetles |
| diptera? | flies |
| lepidoptera? | butterflies |
| what is true about Deuterostomes? | include only echinodermata and chordata |
| what is not true about the phylum Echinodermata? | are found in both fresh water and marine environments. |
| a good way to rid the an environment of sea stars(starfish) is to cut up any star fish caught and throw them back into the ocean | false |
| which echinoderms do not include filter feeding species | sea star (starfish) |
| segmented is one of the four characteristics of the phylum chordata | false |
| species in the sub phy;um Urochordata (tunicates) can swim as adults | false |
| the subphylum thought to have given rise to vertebrates is | cephalochordata |
| the primitive vertebrate that once ruined the great lakes fishing industry was the | lamprey |
| the vertebrate group with the most species is | fish |
| if you catch an angler fish, the fish you see is always a female | true |
| perhaps the best living evidence that amphibians evolved from fish is the | mud skipper |
| amphibians need to stay near water because | their skin needs to stay moist and they must lay their eggs in water. |
| sharks must keep swimming or else they sink to the bottom | true |
| the largest fish in existence is the | whale shark |
| bony fish (class osteichthyes) maintain their depth in water by | their swim bladder |
| amphibians that jump are in the group | frogs and toads |
| reptiles differ from amphibians in having | scaly skin which reduces water loss and eggs with a shell. |
| bony fish have an operculm covering their gills | true |
| sharks are unique among fish in having internal fertilization | true |
| amphibians are thought to have evolved from | lobe- finned fish (fleshy fins) |
| the deep "jug o rum" sound herd near pond and lakes on summer nights is the call of the male | bull frog |
| reptiles, amphibians and fish cannot control their body temperature by internl (metabolic) means. they are therefore | ectothermes |
| you can tell a crocodile from an alligator because a crocodile has | a more pointed snout, a tooth exposed even when its jaw is closed and are more commonly found in salt water |
| archaeopteryx (the fossil forerunner to birds) did not have | a beak... they had teeth |
| the only birds know to hibernate (like a groundhog) is the | poor wills (a goat sucker) |
| Gallinaccous birds, unless frighten, spend most of their time on the ground | true |
| owls are solitary nocturnal birds of prey | true |
| which american pigeon species was driven into extinction, though billions once existed? | passenger pigeon |
| shorebirds have webbed feet, dive for food and come to land only to breed. | false |
| what flightless, aquatic bird occurs only in the southern hemisphere | penguins |
| which of the following are in the order of perching birds | robins, cardinals, and blue jays |
| what is not a mammalian trait? | ectothermic |
| the mammalian placenta consists of | maternal and fetal tissue |
| marsupial | young develop in pouch |
| monotreme | young hatch from eggs |
| eutherian | young nourished by placenta |
| the fasstest animal on earth is the | peregrine falcon |
| the reason moles may be destructive to gardens is because they eat plant roots | false |
| the birds that feed their young with "crop milk", the sloughed off lining of their esophagus are | pigeons |
| the hatchlings of long legged wading birds are | altricial (poorly developed) |
| what are true about birds | they have hollow bones, parental care of young and they only have one ovary which is their left. |
| what are in the order rodentia | capybara, groundhog and mouse |
| bats find prey with their keen eye sight | false |
| what species are in the order perissodactyla | zebra |
| many birds mimic sounds. alex the parrot was unique in that he seemed to know what he was saying | true |
| the mammal order with the greatest number of species is | rodentia |
| which are considered to be one of the most intelligent orders of mammals | proboscidea, cetaccea and primates |
| incestivora | shrews, moles, high motabolism |
| rodentia | mice, rats, squirrels, groundhogs |
| carnivora | bears, cats, raccons, wolves, dogs. large canines |
| chiroptera | bats- flying mammals |
| perissodactyla | horse zebras, rhinos- odd toed. hoofed |
| artiodactyle | deer, pigs hippos, csmels, antelope, cattle, bison- even toed |
| cetacea | whales and dolphines- mammals who returned to the sea |
| primates | monkeys, apes and humans- large brain |
| lagomorpha | rabbits, hares pikes- large hind legs for jumping |
| proboscidea | elephants- large trunk, social intelligent |
| sirenia | sea cows, manatees- slow moving grazers of the sea |
| edentata | sloths-lack incisiors and canines- very slow moving |
| what is a plant | a plant is a multicellular eukaryote that makes organic molecules by photosynthesis and which has special adaptations to terrestrial life. |
| what are the traits of a plant | shoot, root, vascular tissue and specialize reproductive system such as flowers |
| what are the four major groups of plants? | Bryophytes,ferns,Angiosperms – flowering plants, and Gymnosperms |
| what are the main charcteristics of Bryophytes? | mosses and liverworts ,still attached to moist environment ,no lignin or vascular tissue sperm must swim to egg, like algae , produce spores. |
| what are the charcteristics of ferns? | Have vascular tissue and stronger stems, so can grow much larger than moss,But still have motile sperm, so need water for reproduction also produces spores. |
| what are the charcteristics of gymnosperms? | pines, firs, seed is an embryo with food supply-””naked” means no fruit around seed sperm are immobile and within pollen grains, which are wind-blown (one exception: the Gingko tree |
| what are the charcteristics of angiosperms? | seeds are covered by a fruit, which may be hard and thin, as well as thick and fleshy reproductive part is the flower, which can be large and colorful if insect pollinated or small and drab if wind pollinated.Sperm are immobile and in pollen. Spores a |
| what is unique about mosses and ferns compared to other plants | they produce spores. |
| what is the only seeded plant with motile sperm | the Gingko tree |
| what is unique about the main plant body of mosses and liverworts | the main body of the plant has only 1 set of chormosomes |
| how are spores different from seeds? | Spores are produced but cannot form a new plant on their own, seeds are covered by a fruit, which may be hard and thin, as well as thick and fleshy |
| how is coal formed | when ferns died and were compressed under sediment, they formed much of the coal we use today |
| where are the spore located in mosses? ferns? | under them on ferns it looks like rust. |
| what are club mosses(NOT true mosses) and horsetails | Small lycopods( over harvest for Christmas trees)Horsetails only one genus: Equisetum also more common during Carboniferous period |
| what are the traits of gymnosperms? | mostly cone-bearing and evergreen among the oldest and largest trees on the plant represent three major adaptations to land life |
| name the oldest and largest trees on Earth | Bristlecone Pine oldest living tree and Coast Redwood is the tallest. |
| what are the traits of angiosperms? | 250,000, Source of most human food from plants (wheat, rice and corn)Flower is the reason for success of this group |
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leo2068
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