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What platy, parallel, mineral grains are the most visual aspect of foliated metamorphic rocks?
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_____ is an erosional contact between tilted, older strata below and horizontal, younger strata above.
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CWI GEOL EXAM 3
GEOL 101 EXAM 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What platy, parallel, mineral grains are the most visual aspect of foliated metamorphic rocks? | micas |
| _____ is an erosional contact between tilted, older strata below and horizontal, younger strata above. | An angular unconformity |
| A syncline is ____. | a fold in which the strata dip toward the axis |
| The ____ earthquake was accompanied by extensive fire damage. | San Francisco, 1906 |
| What two, metamorphic rocks are composed predominantly of single minerals? | marble and quartzite |
| Sandstone strata and a mass of granite are observed to be in contact. Which of the following statements is correct geologically? | The granite is older if the sandstone contains pebbles of the granite. |
| The Great Rift Valley of East Africa would most likely be characterized by ____. | mainly normal faulting as East Africa begins to fragment |
| Which one of the following best characterizes tsunamis? | They have relatively small amplitudes compared to their very long wavelengths. |
| What is the major source of heat for contact metamorphism? | heat from a nearby magma body |
| Assume that man's recorded history can be stretched back to 4600 years before the present. This is approximately what fraction of geologic time? | one millionth |
| A horst is ____. | an uplifted block bounded by two normal faults |
| Energy is stored in rocks adjacent to the site of a future earthquake as ____. | elastic strain |
| ____ is typically formed by metamorphism of a sandstone. | Quartzite |
| Which of the following denotes the divisions of the geologic time scale in correct order of decreasing lengths of time beginning with the longest time interval and ending with the shortest? | eon, era, period, epoch |
| A thrust fault is best described as ____. | a low-angle, reverse fault |
| The epicenter of an earthquake is the ____. | surface location directly above the point where the fault slip initiates |
| Brittle deformation would be favored over plastic deformation in which of the following conditions? | shallow depths |
| Which of the following lists the rocks in the order of increasing grain size and increasing grade of metamorphism? | slate, phyllite, schist |
| Visualize five, horizontal, sedimentary strata exposed in a cliff or canyon wall identified by consecutive numbers, 1 being the lowest bed and 5 being the highest. Which of the following statements concerning the strata are true? | beds 1 and 3 are older than bed 4 |
| The ____ in California is the boundary between the North American and Pacific plates. | San Andreas strike-slip fault |
| The ____ is used to record ground shaking and the earthquake-magnitude scale was inverted by ____. | seismograph; Richter |
| ___ is characterized by the segregation of light- and dark-colored minerals into thin layers or bands. | Granitic gneiss |
| The half-life of carbon-14 is about 6000 years. Assume that a sample of charcoal is formed by burning of living wood 15,000 years ago. How much of the original carbon-14 would remain today? | between one-fourth and one-eighth |
| ____ in layered sedimentary rocks are evidence for horizontal compression and shortening. | Tight folds |
| What are the smaller magnitude quakes that follow a major earthquake? | aftershocks |
| _____ forms from the metamorphism of limestone or dolostone. | Marble |
| What is the age of the Earth accepted today? | 4.5 billion years |
| The mountains and valleys of the Basin and Range Province of the western United States formed in response to ____. | tensional stresses and normal-fault movements |
| P waves ____ | are faster than S waves and surface waves |
| Which of the following would exhibit sheared and mechanically fragmented rocks? | fault movements at shallow depths |
| ____ refers to the process of fossilization where the internal cavities and pores of the orginal organism are filled with precipitated mineral matter. | Petrification |
| In a(n) ____ fault, the hanging wall block move up with respect to the footwall block. | reverse |
| Approximately how much larger is a 6.5 Richter magnitude earthquake than in one with magnitude 5.5? | 10 times |
| Which of the following is an essential characteristic of an index fossil? | the organism only lived for a short period of geologic time |
| A deeply eroded, structural basin would exhibit ____. | strata oriented in roughly circular, outcrop patterns |
| Which of the following foundation materials is most stable during earthquake shaking? | bedrock |
| What fundamental concept states that in a horizontal sequence of conformable sedimentary strata, each higher bed is younger than the bed below it? | law of superposition |
| The radioactive isotopes uranium-238, uranium-235, and thorium-232 eventually decay to different, stable, daughter isotopes of ____. | lead |
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