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Chapter 2 Science
science terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Robert Hooke | looked at cork under his microscope, named what he saw "cells" 1665 |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | looked at pond water under his microscope, 1673 |
| Mathisas Schleiden | a botanist, determined that all plant parts are made of cells, 1838 |
| Theodor Schwann | a zoologist concluded that all animals are composed of cells 1839 |
| Rudolf Virchow | concluded that cells develop from other cells 1858 |
| Prokaryotic cell | have no nucleus or other membrane bound organelles |
| Eukaryotic cell | have a nucleus and other organelles |
| Basic cell substances | carbohydrates, protein, nucleic acids,lipids (Bare Necessities) |
| Carbohydrate | compounds made up of sugars, two different types, main energy source |
| simple carbohydrates | made up of a few sugar molecules linked together, simplest is glucose |
| Complex Carbohydrates | long chain of sugar molecules |
| Proteins | made up of amino acids, 20 different types, build living material, speed up chemical reactions (enzymes) |
| amylase | begins the process of breaking down food |
| Lipids | fats and oils, stores energy, provides insulation, cushions organs, makes cell membranes |
| Nucleic Acids | made up of sub-units nucleotides, DNA/RNA, holds genetic materials |
| cell membrane | surrounds and protects the cell (beltway) |
| Nucleus | the control center, holds DNA, (City Hall) |
| Nucleolus | found inside the nucleus; produces ribosomes |
| Ribosomes | makes proteins, attatched on ER or free floating (perdue chicken factory) |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | transports materials throughout the cell (highway system) |
| Cytoplasm | clear Jello-like material in which all other organisms are found |
| Mitochondria | the powerhouse of the cell, where glucose is transferred to energy (power lines) |
| Golgi Complex | packages, stores, delivers materials throughout the cell (UPS system) |
| Vacuoles | empty spaces used for storage (water tower) |
| Lysosomes | the wrecking companies of the cell; contains enzymes that break down wastes and worn-out cell parts (the dump) |
| passive transport | movement across cell membrane that does not require energy |
| active transport | movement across cell membrane that does require energy |
| diffusion | passive transport, materials across the cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to lower conc. particles are evenly diffused |
| Osmosis | passive transport, movement of water molecules across the cell membrane |
| cellular respiration | the process of turning glucose into usabloe energy |
| photosynthesis | chemical reaction which uses light energy to convert CO2 and H2O to glucose and C6H12O6 |
| fermentation | the process of making ATP with no or low levels of oxygen |
| Lactic Acid | waste product during fermentation |
| alcohol fermention | fermentation by some yeast and bacteria perform where alcohol is a waste product |
Created by:
Camilla18
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