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chapter 14
tiffany
| Question | |
|---|---|
| Transcription | copies information from a DNA sequence (a gene) to a complementary RNA sequence |
| Translation | converts RNA sequence to amino acid sequence of a polypeptide |
| fruit fly | desopholia |
| bread mold | neurospera |
| DNA to mRNA | transcription |
| RNA to proteins | tranlation |
| tRNA | carries amino acids, anti-codon |
| rRNA | ribosome, makes peptide bonds |
| Start codon | AUG-methanine |
| Stop codon | UAA, UAG, UGA |
| Messenger RNA (mRNA) | carries a copy of a DNA sequence to site of protein synthesis at the ribosome |
| Transfer RNA (tRNA) | carries amino acids for polypeptide assembly |
| Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | catalyzes peptide bonds and provides structure |
| Messenger hypothesis | messenger RNA (mRNA) forms as a complementary copy of one DNA strand in a gene. |
| mRNA travels from nucleus to cytoplasm carrying information as | codons |
| This process is transcription, and the mRNA copy is a | transcript |
| Adapter hypothesis | an adapter molecule that can bind amino acids, and recognize a nucleotide sequence—transfer RNA (tRNA) |
| genetic code | Specifies which amino acids will be used to build a protein |
| Codon | A sequence of three bases—each codon specifies a particular amino acid |
| For most amino acids, there is more than one codon; the genetic code is | redundant |
| The genetic code is not | ambiguous—each codon specifies only one amino acid. |
| Eukaryotic genes may have noncoding sequences | introns |
| The coding sequences are | exons |
| Introns and exons appear in the primary mRNA transcript | pre-mRNA; introns are removed from the final mRNA |
| G cap | added at the 5 end (modified guanosine triphosphate)—facilitates mRNA binding to ribosome -protects mRNA from being digested by ribonucleases. |
| Poly A tail | added at 3' end. -May assist in export from nucleus; important for stability of mRNA |
| RNA splicing | removes introns and splices exons together |
| Newly transcribed pre-mRNA is bound at ends by | snRNPs—small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. |
| Consensus sequences | are short sequences between exons and introns. snRNPs binds here, and also near the 3 end of the intron |
| With energy from ATP, proteins are added to form an RNA-protein complex | the spliceosome |
| Proteolysis | Cutting of a long polypeptide chain into final products, by proteases |
| Glycosylation | Addition of sugars to form glycoproteins |
| Phosphorylation | Addition of phosphate groups catalyzed by protein kinases— charged phosphate groups change the conformation |
Created by:
tsassady
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