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Science Mid Term Pt2
This is part 2 of the study guide for life science mid term
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Today, what system based on shared characteristics is used to classify organisms? | The Seven-Level System |
| What are the seven levels of classification in order of largest to smallest? | Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
| The scientific name for an organism comes from its _____________ | Genus and Species |
| What can you find by working through the statements in a dichotomous key? | An Organism's Identity |
| For hundreds of years, how were all living things classified? | Plants or Animals |
| Carolus Linnaeus is know for what? | He was the founder of taxonomy |
| A pine tree is a member of the kingdom ______________ | Plantae |
| Euglena is a member of what kingdom? | Protista |
| The organisms in what kingdom usually move by themselves and have specialized sense organs that allow them to respond to their environment? | Animalia |
| The scientific name for the house cat is Felis domesticus. What is its species name? Its genus' name? | Species: domesticus Genus: Felis |
| An example of a simple animal is a ___________ | Sponge |
| Slime mold belongs to what kingdom? | Protista |
| Scientists classify organisms based on? | Characteristics |
| What do scientists do if they find an organism that does not belong to any of the six kingdoms? | Create a New One |
| What is the scientific name for the Asian elephant? | Elephas maximus |
| How do fungi take in and use nutrients from their surroundings? | They absorb and digest them |
| What must a plant be exposed to for photosynthesis to occur? | Sunlight |
| Why do the Chacabo people of Bolivia use classification? | To understand which plants are useful to them and which are not |
| A dichotomous key consists of? | A series of paired statements |
| What is the scientific name for an Atlantic seahorse? | Hippocampus hudsonius |
| How many kingdoms of bacteria exist? | Two |
| What are small, single-celled organisms? | Bacteria |
| Which of the following is not a characterstic that all organisms share? 1. Ability to taste and smell 2. Ability to use energy 3. Ability to grow and develop 4. Ability to sense and respond to change | Number 1 |
| What molecules form much of the cell membrane? | Phospholipids |
| What molecule is the major energy carrier in the cell? | ATP |
| What type of molecule is DNA? | Nucleic Acid |
| What do gravity, sounds and light have in common? | They are stimuli |
| The maintenance of stable internal conditions is? | Homeostasis |
| About how much of the human body is water? | 70% |
| What happens when organisms reproduce? | They make organisms similar to them |
| The passing of genetic traits from parents to offspring is? | Heredity |
| Which of the following is not a basic need of most organisms? Food, air, plants or water? | Plants |
| What do most of the chemical reactions involved in metabolism require? | Water |
| What is a complex carbohydrate manufactured by plants? | Starch |
| When a duck dives under water, its inner eyelids automatically raise to cover the duck's eyes. The water is what? | Stimuli |
| The molecule that provides energy for cellular processes is? | ATP |
| The subunits of proteins are what? | Amino Acids |
| Which of the following are not used by cells for energy storage? Fats, oils, carbs or nucleic acids? | Nucleic Acids |
| True or False? Proteins are the main source of energy for cells. | False |
| What are all living things made of? | One or more cells |
| What is one characteristic that all living things share? | They all have DNA |
| When people are cold, how do they warm themselves up? | Shiver |
| A carb is made up of carbon, hydrogen and ________ | Oxygen |
| The cell cannot use glucose as a fuel, then it must transform glucose into which molecule? | ATP |
| Which compound is hydrophobic? | Lipids |
| Nucleic acid is formed by? | Nucleotides |
| Hemoglobin is a? | Protein |
| A plant turns sunlight into sugar through? | Photosynthesis |
| What are the blueprints of life? | Nucleic Acids |
| Which elements are considered to be key to life? | Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulfur |
| What is the highest level of organization? | System |
| The functions of an organism's parts are related to those parts? | Structure |
| Leeuwenhoek called the single-celled organisms in pond scum "animalcules," what are these known as today? | Protists |
| Most cells are very small because? | Their surface area-to-volume ratio limits their size |
| Which part of the cell forms a barrier between the cell and its environment? | Cell Membrane |
| What part of the cell keeps the cell membrane from collapsing? | Cytoskeleton |
| What cell parts carry materials between organelles like the ER and Golgi complex? | Vesicles |
| Specialization makes organisms work more? | Efficiently |
| If an organelle is membrane-bound, then it is surrounded by? | A Membrane |
| Who invented the microscope? | Janssen |
| DNA is found in a eukaryotic cell's? | Nucleus |
| Cells that have no membrane-covered organelles are called? | Prokaryotic |
| Part of the Golgi complex can pinch off and form a ___________, which distributes materials to other parts of the cell | Vesicle |
| Larger size, longer life and specialization are characteristics of what kind of organisms? | Multicellular |
| What part of the cell releases energy that can power various cellular processes? | Mitochondria |
| If you can see an organism with your naked eye, that organism is most likely? | Multicellular |
| What makes ribosomes and helps form DNA? | Nucleolus |
| When did Leeuwenhoek make his microscopes with curved lenses? | In the 1650's (1653) |
| Who added a focusing device to the microscope, and when? | Galileo (Mid-to-late 1600s) |
| When did the Janssens invent the compound microscope? | Mid 1600s |
| Why is osmosis important to cells? | Cells are filled with watery fluids |
| One type of fermentation produces? | Lactic Acid |
| Cells need to produce new cells to? | Replace dead cells |
| Organelles and chromosomes are copied during? | Interphase |
| During cytokinesis in plant cells? | A cell plate forms and the cell splits in two |
| Organisms must obtain _______ and _______ to survive. | Energy; raw materials |
| Diffusion allows materials to? | Move into and out of cells |
| During passive transport, particles move from areas of ___________ to __________ concentration | High; low |
| Why does a cell need to produce glucose? | To obtain energy? |
| What are products of photosynthesis? | Oxygen and glucose |
| What is the photosynthesis equation? | 6CO2 + 6H20 + Light Energy ---> 602 + C6H1206 |
| Active transport is when particles move from ________ to _________ concentration | Low; high |
| Osmosis benefits plant cells by bringing in? | Water |
| Diffusion is an example of | Passive transport |
| If you are hungry, then you must need? | Energy |
| What gas is released during cellular respiration? | CO2 |
| Bacteria divides via? | Binary fission |
| Where is chlorophyll located? | Chloroplasts |
| In a prokaryotic cell, the chromosomes are located in the main ring of? | DNA |
| We have 23 pairs of _____________? | Homologous chromosomes |
| What is the cellular respiration equation? | 602 + C6H1206 ---> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Energy |
| What are the stages of cell division in eukaryotic cells? | Interphase; Prophase; Metaphase; Anaphase; Telophase; Cytokinesis |
| Many body cells reproduce through? | Asexual reproduction |
| If a plant has two dominant traits it is? | Homozygous |
| If a plant has one dominant trait and one recessive trait, it is? | Heterozygous |
| How are cells different from other body cells? | They have half as many chromosomes |
| Why are males more prone to sex-linked disorders? | They only have one X chromosome |
| What part of the cell releases energy that can be used to fuel various cellular activities? | Mitochondria |
| What did Mendel realize that explained the results of his experiments? | Each trait had a set of instructions from each parent |
| What carries the genes that determine sex? | Sex chromosomes |
| When do recessive traits reappear? | Second generation |
| How do cells divide in asexual reproduction? In sexual reproduction? | Mitosis; Meiosis |
| What disease prevents hair, eyes, skin, etc. from having normal coloring? | Albinism |
| What is a trait? | Different forms of a characteristic |
| What was the ratio that Mendel discovered when he mixed two Pp plants in terms of purple to white plants? | 3:1 |
| What is it called when a plant fertilizes itself? Another plant? | Self-pollination; cross-pollination |
| What kind of plant produces offspring identical to itself? | True-breeding |
| What is used to produce bigger, better things? | Selective breeding |
| When a nucleus divides and has half the chromosomes, it is? | Meiosis |
| Formed from both inherited alleles? | Genotype |
| What is used to organize possible offspring combinations? | Punnett Square |
| The mathematical chance that something will happen. | Probability |
| When each allele has its own degree of influence. | Incomplete dominance |
| What is made during meiosis? | Sex cells |
| What is the exact copy of a chromosome? | Chromatid |
| Chromosomes do this before the cell splits. | Line up on the center of the cell |
| Probability is written as? | Fraction/percent |
Created by:
NickPW
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