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Nutrition
study nutrition for upcoming quizzes/tests
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| substances needed for growth, repair, maintenance | nutrients |
| produce their own food | autotrophs |
| must find their own food | heterotrophs |
| uses light to make organic compounds | photosynthesis |
| taking in of food from the environment; occurs at the mouth in humans | ingestion |
| breaking down of food to be absorbed | digestion |
| passing of unused food out of the body | egestion |
| food is broken down into smaller pieces | mechanical/physical digestion |
| food is changed into new forms | chemical digestion |
| used for energy; can be stored as glycogen or fat | carbohydrates |
| what complex carbohydrates (starches) are broken down into | simple sugars |
| animal starch stored in the liver | glycogen |
| how plants store extra carbohydrates | starch |
| stored energy burned after all carbs are gone. | lipids, fats, oils |
| what lipids are broken down into | fatty acids |
| what proteins are broken down into | amino acids |
| nutrients needed for growth, repair, and is not stored in the body | protein |
| process by which digested foods pass into the bloodstream | absorption |
| purpose of the human digestve system | breakdown and absorb nutrients |
| grind food in mouth; physical digestion | teeth |
| enzyme that chemically breaks down food in the mouth | salivary amylase |
| produces salivary amylase | salivary glands |
| back of the throat that divides into esophagus and trachea | pharynx |
| prevents food from entering the respiratory system; a flap | epiglottis |
| connect the mouth to the stomach | esophagus |
| contracts and physically and chemically breaks down starches and proteins by using gastic juice | stomach |
| reason for the low pH of the stomach; kills most bacteria | hydrochloric acid |
| a type of protease in the stomach | pepsin |
| main function is absorption of nutrients and chemical digestion | small intestine |
| increases surface area of intestine, contains capillaries, absorbs nutrients | villi |
| no digestion occurs here, but water is reabsorbed | large intestine |
| an organ that aids in the digestion of nutrients by producing chemicals, but food does not come into contact with them | accessory organ |
| produces bile | liver |
| stores bile | gall bladder |
| emulsifies (helps mix oil and water) fats | bile |
| produces amylase, protease and lipase | pancreas |
| chemically breaks down lipids | lipase |
| pouch at the end of the small intestine | appendix |
| inflammation of the appendix | appendicitis |
| acids from the stomach splash into the esophagus | heart burn |
| stomach contracts and expels food out of the mouth | vomiting |
| painful lesions in the stomach | ulcers |
| digested foods pass too slowly in the large intestine | constipation |
| digested foods pass to quickly in the large intestine | diarrhea |
Created by:
aeckert
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