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FCSDBio-Ch 14-18
Bio Ch 14-18 Evolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| analogous stuctures | similar structures with identical functions but no anatomical similarities |
| anerobic heterotroph | believed to be 1st life on Earth |
| binomial nomenclature | two part naming system by Linnaeus; uses Latin |
| biogenesis | all living things come from other living things of the same kind |
| changes in environment | cause of most extinction to species |
| classification | dividing organisms into groups by identified characteristics |
| coevolution | change of two or more species in close association with each other (ex. plants & insects or pollinators) |
| common ancester | comparative studies of anatomy, biochemistry, cytology and embryology lead to this belief |
| comparative anatomy | similarities in physical sturctures |
| comparative biochemistry | similarities in chemical makeup |
| comparative cytology | similarities in cell parts |
| comparative embryology | similarities in embryo development |
| convergent evolution | organisms in same environment adapt in a similar manner to that environment |
| Darwin | proposed theory of Natural Selection with key ideas of overproduction, competition, variation, adaptation, inheritence of traits |
| dichotomous key | classification chart with two choices |
| divergent evolution | two related species become more different in response to differing environment |
| environmental stability | cause no change in evolution |
| evolution | process of change through time |
| extinction | species passes out of existance |
| fossil record/evidence | remains of organisms in sedimentary rock reveal changes in life and climate over time |
| gene pool | all the genes available in a population |
| genetic drift | gene (allele) frequencies change by random events or chance; occur only in small populations |
| genetic variation | differences between individuals in a population |
| geographic isolation | physical separation of members of a population |
| gradualism | in evolution; slow, steady changes |
| heterotroph hypothesis | idea of how life originated on earth |
| homologous structures | body parts with similar origin and structure but adapted for different function (ex. human are, whale flipper) |
| kingdoms | 1st division in classification; Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia |
| migration | immigration can bring new genes to a population and emigration can take genes out |
| mutation | sudden change; provides variation among species |
| natural selection | AKA Survival of the Fittest; Darwin's theory that the best adapted survive and pass on traits |
| overproduction | all organisms produce more offspring than will survive |
| oxygen | gas absent in early atmosphere; produced by first autotrophs |
| paleontologists | study fossil evidence of human evolution |
| population genetics | study of evolution from a genetic point of view |
| punctuated equilibrium | in evolution; no change, followed by rapid change |
| sexual reproduction | provides variation among species |
| speciation | formation of a new species from an existing species |
| species | population of organisms that can successfully interbreed |
| taxonomy | science of classification |
| vestigial organs | useful in ancestor, but useless in modern species (ex. appendix, tailbone, nicitating membrane) |
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