scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment.

Levels of Organization

organism->population->community->ecosystem->BIOME->biosphere

group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communities.

group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce food from inorganic compounds; also called an autotroph.

process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches.

process by which some organisms, such as certain bacteria, use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates.

organism that relies on other organisms for its energy and food supply; also called a heterotroph.

organism that obtains energy by eating only plants.

organism that obtains energy by eating animals.

organism that obtains energy by eating both plants and animals.

organism that feeds on plant and animal remains and other dead matter.

organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter.

series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.

network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem.

process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.

step in a food chain or food web.

diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter within each trophic level in a food chain or food web.

process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another.

single nutrient that either is scarce or cycles very slowly, limiting the growth of organisms in an ecosystem.

an immediate increase in the amount of algae and other producers that results from a large input of a limiting nutrient.

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Biology Notecards

Ecology

Question	Answer
Ecology	scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment.
Levels of Organization	organism->population->community->ecosystem->BIOME->biosphere
Biome	group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communities.
Species	group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.
Autotroph/Producer	organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce food from inorganic compounds; also called an autotroph.
Photosynthesis	process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches.
Chemosynthesis	process by which some organisms, such as certain bacteria, use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates.
Heterotroph/Consumer	organism that relies on other organisms for its energy and food supply; also called a heterotroph.
Herbivore	organism that obtains energy by eating only plants.
Carnivore	organism that obtains energy by eating animals.
Omnivore	organism that obtains energy by eating both plants and animals.
Detritivore	organism that feeds on plant and animal remains and other dead matter.
Decomposer	organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter.
Food Chain	series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.
Food Web	network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem.
Cellular Respiration	process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
Trophic Level	step in a food chain or food web.
Ecological Pyramid	diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter within each trophic level in a food chain or food web.
Biogeochemical Cycle	process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another.
Limiting Nutrient	single nutrient that either is scarce or cycles very slowly, limiting the growth of organisms in an ecosystem.
Algal Bloom	an immediate increase in the amount of algae and other producers that results from a large input of a limiting nutrient.

Created by: 15_AGlaeser

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