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Chapter 3 Biosphere
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ecology | scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment |
| Levels of organizatin | individual, populatino, community, ecosystem, Biome, Bioshphere |
| biome | group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communities |
| species | group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring |
| autotroph | organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer |
| photosynthesis | process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches |
| chemosynthesis | process by which some organisms, such as certain bacteria, use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates |
| heterotroph | organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also called a consumer |
| herbivore | organism that obtains energy by eating only plants |
| carnivore | organism that obtains energy by eating animals |
| omnivore | organism that obtains energy by eating both plants and animals |
| detritivore | organism that feeds on plant and animal remains and other dead matter |
| decomposer | organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter |
| food chain | series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten |
| food web | network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem |
| cellular respiration | process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen |
| trophic level | step in a food chain or food web |
| ecological pyramid | diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter within each trophic level in a food chain or food web |
| biogeochemical cycle | process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another |
| limiting nutrient | single nutrient that either is scarce or cycles very slowly, limiting the growth of organisms in an ecosystem |
| algal bloom | an immediate increase in the amount of algae and other producers that results from a large input of a limiting nutrient |
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15_emiller
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