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Hesi Prep
medication and disease process information
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Topical medication that is teratogenic | Isotretinoin (Accutane) |
| foods that can inhibit thyroid secretion | peaches, pears, strawberries, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, peas, radishes, spinach, turnips |
| Hyperparathyroidism results in | high serum calcium level and bone demineralization |
| Hypoparathyroidism results in | low serum calcium level, which increases neuromuscular excitability |
| Take Thyroid medication | in the morning on an empty stomach |
| Steroids can | cause increase in glucose and mask the signs of infection |
| use of hypoglycemic medications together with ßeta blockers can | masks signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. |
| used to treat insulin-induced hypoglycemia | Glucagon |
| the only type of insulin that may be administered intravenously. | Regular insulin |
| Histamine H2-receptor antagonists and Proton pump inhibitors | suppress the secretion of gastric acid, alleviate symptoms of heartburn, help prevent complications of peptic ulcer disease |
| Aluminum preparations and sodium bicarbonate are used with caution in | hypertension and heart failure because they contain a significant amount of sodium. |
| Histamine H2-receptor antagonists are used with caution | impaired renal or hepatic function. |
| Prokinetic agents such metoclopramide (Reglan) | contraindicated in clients with mechanical obstruction, perforation, or GI hemorrhage and may cause a parkinsonian reaction. |
| patient receiving medication for hepatic encephalopathy. | Monitor the ammonia level |
| Bronchodilators are contraindicated in | peptic ulcer disease, severe cardiac disease or cardiac dysrhythmias, hyperthyroidism, and uncontrolled seizure disorders. |
| The therapeutic range of serum theophylline level | 10 to 20 mcg/mL |
| Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) | should be avoided in clients with narrow-angle glaucoma. |
| Green leafy vegetables and foods high in vitamin K | Should be avoided while taking anticoagulants |
| activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)in anticoagulant therapy | maintained at 1.5 to 2.5 times normal. |
| The antidote to heparin | protamine sulfate. |
| Thrombolytic Medications | These drugs activate plasminogen, which generates plasmin, the enzyme that dissolves clots. |
| The antidote to Thrombolytic Medications | aminocaproic acid (Amicar) |
| Hold Digoxin | Apical heart rate less than 60, potaium less than 3.5, digoxin level higher that 2.0 |
| A persistent dry cough is a common complaint | patients taking ACE inhibitors |
| Cholinergics | increase bladder tone and function and to treat nonobstructive urine retention and neurogenic bladder |
| Anticholinergic Antispasmodics | used to treat overactive bladder (urge incontinence) |
| signs of toxicity in anticholinergics | hypotension or hypertension, confusion, tachycardia, flushed or red face, signs of respiratory depression, nervousness, restlessness, hallucinations, and irritability. |
| phenazopyridine hydrochloride (Pyridium). | urine will turn red or orange, used to treat pain resulting from urinary tract irritation or infection. |
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors | should not be used in patients who are allergic to sulfonamides. |
| myasthenia gravis | muscle weakness |
| The Tensilon test is | used to diagnose cholinergic crisis (overdose with anticholinesterase) or myasthenic crisis (undermedication). |
| Signs of Cholinergic Crisis | GI disturbances, Increased salivation and tearing, increased bronchial secretions, Sweating, Miosis, Hypertension |
| Side Effects of Anticonvulsant Medication | Gingival hyperplasia |
| Absorption of anticonvulsants is decreased | with the use of milk products, antacids, calcium preparations, and antineoplastic medications. |
| biosphosphonates | must be administered in the morning, before the client eats or drinks, with a full glass of water; the client must then remain sitting or standing for at least 30 to 60 minutes |
| patients taking an MAOI | should avoid thiamine rich foods |
| thiamine rich foods are | Avocados, Bananas, Beef or chicken liver, Beer, Chianti wine, Caffeine, Cheese, Dried, cured, fermented, smoked, or aged fish, Fermented, smoked, or aged meat, Figs, Raisins, soups with protein extract, Soy sauce, yeast extract |
| what is used to treat hypertensive crisis. | Intravenous phentolamine |
| Serotonin syndrome signs and symptoms | agitation, confusion, anxiety, hallucinations, hyperreflexia, excessive sweating, tremor, fever |
| The therapeutic serum level of lithium is | 0.6 to 1.2 mEq/L |
| used to treat benzodiazepine toxicity. | IV flumazenil (Romazicon) |
| Tacrine (Cognex) | hepatotoxicity is an adverse effect, and liver function parameters must be monitored. |
| Ergot alkaloids | not administered before the delivery of the placenta. |
| Kernig sign, | inability to straiten leg with hip and knee flexed |
| Brudzinski sign | involentary flexion of hip and knee when neck is passively flexed |
| Addison disease | hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones (glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids). |
| Cushing syndrome | hypersecretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex. |
| Graves disease | hyperthyroidism |
| Hypoparathyroidism | Hypocalcemia Hyperphosphatemia-numbness, muscle craps, spasm |
| Hyperparathyroidism | Hypercalcemia Hypophosphatemia, muscle weaknes, fatigue, skeletal pain |
| cullen sign | blue discoloration in umbilical area |
| Turner sign | gray blue discoloration of flanks |
| Raynaud Disease | Vasospasm of the arterioles and arteries of the arms and legs causes constriction of the cutaneous vessels. |
| normal GFR | 125ml/min |
| Multiple Sclerosis | chronic, progressive degenerative disease affects the myelin sheath and the conduction pathway of the central nervous system. |
| Myasthenia Gravis | characterized by marked weakness and abnormal fatigue of the voluntary muscles |
| Guillain-Barré Syndrome | acute infectious neuronitis of the cranial and peripheral nerves is characterized by varying degrees of motor weakness and paralysis. |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(Lou Gehrig disease) | progressive degenerative disease that affects the motor system.muscle weakness and atrophy develop, with resulting flaccid quadriplegia; eventually the respiratory muscles are affected, leading to respiratory compromise, pneumonia, and death. |
| normal chloride range | 98-107 |
| normal aPTT range | 20-36 seconds |
| normal PT range | 9.5-11.8 |
| normal INR range | 1.0-1.3 |
| normal hemoglobin range | 14-16.5 |
| normal hematacrit level | 38-53% |
| normal creatinine levels | 0.6-1.3 |
| normal BUN range | 8-25 |
| normal calcium range | 8.6-10 |
| normal phosphorous range | 2.7-4.5 |
| normal magnesium range | 1.6-2.6 |
Created by:
Wzamen
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