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Misc Final Review
A&P
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Levels of organization | Chemical; cellular; tissue; organ; organ system; organism |
| Six life characteristics | Organization, metabolism, responsiveness, growth, development, reproduction |
| Homeostasis | The normal living condition that creates and maintains a relatively constant environment within the body |
| Positive feedback? Give an abnormal example and a normal positive feedback mechanism. | Acts to INCREASE deviations from normal; not homeostatic. EX: hypovolemic shock; normal positive feedback - birth |
| Negative feedback? Give an example. What are the three components? | The primary way homeostasis is maintained; acts to DECREASE deviation from a set point. The three components: receptor, control center, effector. |
| What parts are part of the central region AXIAL? | Head, neck, trunk (thorax, abdomen, and pelvis) |
| What parts are part of the appendicular region? | The limbs (upper and lower) and the girdles (pectoral and pelvic) |
| What are mesenteries? | Regions where two layers of peritoneum are fused together for anchoring organs and/or providing pathways for nerves and blood vessels |
| What are retroperitoneal organs? | Organs posterior to the parietal peritoneum |
| What is a decomposition reaction? | The chemical breakdown of a larger substance to two or more different and smaller structures |
| What is a hydrolysis reaction? | A decomposition reaction in which water is depleted (split) |
| What does the term catabolism mean? Give an example. | The sum of all the decomposition reactions in the body; EX: a disaccharide breaks apart to form glucose molecules |
| What is water? | Water is a polar molecule composed of one atom of oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen; it is the universal solvent |
| What are the properties of water? | It stabilizes water temp (high specific heat), protects against friction and trauma, makes chemical reactions possible, directly participates in chemical reactions, a mixing medium |
| What are acids and bases? | Acids are proton (H+) donors and bases are proton acceptors (OH-) |
| pH scale? | Shows the H+ concentration of various solutions; neutral 7 - equal # of H+ and OH-; acidic - less than 7 more H+; basic - more than 7 more OH- |
| Carbohydrates | MONOSACCHARIDES - ribose, deoxyribose, glucose, fructose, galactose; DISACCHARIDE - sucrose, lactose, maltose; POLYSACCHARIDE - cellulose, starch, glycogen |
| What are the characteristics of plasma membrane? | Encloses/supports cell contents; attaches cell to its extracellular environment; allows recognition and communication with other cells; regulates entry and exit of substances into/out of cell (selective permeablity); establishes membrane potential |
Created by:
nnguye42
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