scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment, or surroundings.

levels of organization

species -> populations -> communities -> ecosystem -> biome -> biosphere.

a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communities.

a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring.

an organism that makes its own food.

when autotrophs use light energy from the sun to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches.

when organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates.

organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply.

eat plant and animal remains and other dead matter, collectively called detritus.

a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.

when the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem form a network of complex interactions.

process by which cells harvest the energy stored in food.

each step in a food chain or food web.

shows the relative amounts of energy available at each trophic level.

forms of matter that are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another through these cycles.

when an ecosystem is limited by a single nutrient that is scarce or cycles very slowly.

when an aquatic ecosystem receives a large input of a limiting nutrient, which results in an immediate increase in the amount of algae and other producers.

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BIO FC ch.3

Question	Answer
ecology	scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment, or surroundings.
levels of organization	species -> populations -> communities -> ecosystem -> biome -> biosphere.
biome	a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communities.
species	a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring.
autotroph/producer	an organism that makes its own food.
photosynthesis	when autotrophs use light energy from the sun to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches.
chemosynthesis	when organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates.
heterotroph/consumer	organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply.
herbivore	eat plants.
carnivore	eat animals.
omnivore	eat plants and animals.
detritivore	eat plant and animal remains and other dead matter, collectively called detritus.
decomposer	break down organic matter.
food chain	a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.
food web	when the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem form a network of complex interactions.
cellular respiration	process by which cells harvest the energy stored in food.
trophic level	each step in a food chain or food web.
ecological pyramid	shows the relative amounts of energy available at each trophic level.
biogeochemical cycle	forms of matter that are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another through these cycles.
limiting nutrient	when an ecosystem is limited by a single nutrient that is scarce or cycles very slowly.
algal bloom	when an aquatic ecosystem receives a large input of a limiting nutrient, which results in an immediate increase in the amount of algae and other producers.

Created by: kschlitz

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