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life science 6 test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| smaller molecules that make up proteins? | amino acids |
| # of different amino acids? | 20 |
| 2 parts/steps of protein synthesis? | a. Transcription b. Translation |
| what is proteins synthesis? | the making of proteins |
| where does translation take place in the cell? | the cytoplasm |
| first part of protein synthesis where MRNA is made? | Transcription |
| second step of protein synthesis where MRNA is translated into a protein? | Translation |
| 2 types of RNA? | MRNA & TRNA |
| the 2 men who discovered the DNA structure? | Watson & Crick |
| Subunits of DNA molecules? | Nucleotides |
| Structure of the DNA molecule? | double helix |
| Base pairing rules for DNA? | A-T (adenine - thymine) G-C ( guanine - cytosine) |
| thymine is replaced by ___________ in RNA? | Uracil |
| 3 things that composes a nucleotide are? | 1. sugar 2. Base 3. phosphate |
| 4 bases found in DNA? | 1. Adenine- A 2. Thymine- T 3. Cytosine-C 4. Guanine-G |
| 3 bases that represent (specify) an amino acid? | codon |
| 2 differences between RNA & DNA? | 1. DNA is double stranded, and RNA is single stranded 2. DNA stays in nucleus RNA travels to cytoplasm |
| what are the side rails of DNA made of? | phosphate & sugar |
| what are the rungs of the DNA molecule composed of? | the nitrogen bases |
| what is the easily broken bond that holds the bases together? | hydrogen bond |
| Where does transcription takes place? | the nucleus |
| know about MRNA stands & DNA strands? | |
| the process of equally dividing the genetic material and distributing it to the two new daughter cells | mitosis |
| phase is which the nuclear membrane disappears and the chromosomes thicken to become visible | prophase |
| phase when then new nuclear membranes for near the end of mitosis | telophase |
| form of asexual reproduction where a piece of cytoplasm pinches off the parent cell to form the off spring cell | budding |
| the division of the cytoplasm and organelles of the cell | cytokinesis |
| a form of asexual reproduction where an organism divides equally into two offspring resulting in two offspring that are the same size but smaller than the parent cell | binary fission |
| phase of mitosis where the sister chromatids have separated and are moving to opposite ends of the cell | anaphase |
| fibers that attach to the sister chromatids and pull them to opposite ends of the cell | spindle fibers |
| phase of mitosis where the sister chromatids line up in the center of the spindle (middle of the cell) | metaphase |
| a segment of DNA that contains the information that is needed to build the cell and cell products | genes |
| the process where the reproductive cell are produced with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell is called | meiosis |
| before a cell divides it makes a copy of its genes during | interphase |
| the process where the egg and sperm unite is called | fertilization |
| in which type of reproduction does the offspring receive genes from both parents resulting in offspring that are a genetic combination of its parents | sexual |
| a cell surrounded by a protective covering is a | spore |
| occurs when a new organism is produced from body parts of another organism such as in a starfish | regeneration |
| the end result of meiosis is the production (making) of ___ cells with half the normal # of chromosomes | 4 |
| when all the genes of a chromosome have duplicated but are still attached, the structures that are formed are called______ | sister chromatids |
| the process of one cell dividing and becoming two cells in | fission |
| why does regeneration not always result in asexual reproduction? | because, if a lizard loses his tail that is a process of repair & replace, it does not produce offspring |
| three parts of cell division in the order they occur | 1.DNA Replication 2.mitosis 3. cytokinesis |
| two differences between asexual and sexual reproduction | asexual- one parent, and has mitosis sexual- has two parents, and has meiosis |
| what is one difference between meiosis and mitosis | meiosis has 2 cell divisions and mitosis has 1 cell division |
| four phases of mitosis in the order they occur | a. prophase b. metaphase c. anaphase c. telophase (* PMAT) |
| list four types of asexual reproduction and give an example of an organism that reproduces by each type | type-_fission_ ex. organism _____bacteria___ types -budding ex. organism------yeast type -spores ex. organism ---- black bread mold type - regeneration ex. organism---- starfish |
Created by:
dinospizzagirl1999
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