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Cellular Biology
Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The following happens when a cell-surface receptor activates a G protein | The a subunit exchanges its bound GDP for GTP |
| The phase of the cell cycle associated with the doubling of the amount of DNA in the cell is | S |
| In the cell cycle a mitotic Cdk is present during | G1, M, and S |
| In order to be active Cdc-cyclin needs to be | Singly phosphorlated |
| Complex of proteins that holds sister chromatids together along their length until they separate during mitosis | Cohesion |
| The most frequently encountered category of cancer is | Carcinoma and Leukemia |
| Genes, that when present trigger the development of cancer are known as | Oncogenes |
| The first documentation of a viral infection causing oncogenesis was established with | Rous saroma virus in chickens |
| The viral oncogene associated with the Rous sarcoma virus is | SRC |
| The difference between benign and malignant tumors is that | Benign tumors have not spread to other sites |
| Rare type of human cancer in which cells of the retina are converted to a cancerous state by an unusally small number of mutations | Retinoblastoma |
| Protein that binds to a GTP-binding protein and activates it by stimulating release of tightly bound GDP there by allowing it to bind GTP | Guanine nucleotide exchange |
| Communicating cell-cell junction that allows ions and small molecules to pass through the cytoplam of one cell to the cytoplasm of the next | Gap junction |
| Protein that binds to GTP-binding protein and inactivates it by stimulating its GTPase activity so that its bound GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP | GTPase-activation protein |
| Enzyme that phsophorylates target proteins in response to a rise in intracellular cyclic AMP | Cylic AMP-dependent protein kinase |
| The checkpoint in the cell cycle that governs the cells commitment to enter S phase | Start point |
| Division of the cytoplasm of plant or animal cell into two | Cytokinesis |
| A ___ is a cancer of blood cells in which the cells proliferate in the bloodstream | Leukemia |
| General term for a normal gene in which a loss of function mutation can contribute to cancer | Tumor suppressor gene |
| Wheel like assembly composed of seven copies of Apaf-1/cytochrome c complex | Apoptosome |
| Apotosis program triggered by intracellular signals that cause release into the cytosol of proteins from the mitochondrial intermembrane space | Intrinsic pathway |
| Inactive form of protese that operates in apoptosis at the start of proteolytic cascade | Initiator caspase |
| The orderly sequence of events by which a cell duplicates its contents and divides into two | Cytokinesis |
| One of a family of proetins that rise and fall in concentration in step with the eukaryotic cell cycle, thereby regulating the activity of crucial protein kinases that control progression through the cell cycle | Cyclin |
| Phenomenon observed in primary cell cultures as they age in which proliferation slows down and finally halts | This type of signaling requires different molecules to communicate with their target cells |
| Major advantages of using budding yeast | They are easy to view in embryonic stages, easily obtainable, easy to work with |
| How does release of cytochrom C from mitochrondria trigger apotosis | Apaf 1 in apoptosome recruits initiator procaspase 9 which in turn activated downstream executioner procaspases to induce apoptosis |
| Noncovalent interacts | Hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding, vander waals interactions, hydrophobic interactions |
| The chemical nature of each amino acid is determinded by | Side chain R |
| Name the fluorescent molecule that is obtained from a jelly fish | Green fluorescent protein |
| What are the three weak noncovalent interactions that determine the conformation of a protein | Hydrogen bonds, electostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, vander waals interactions |
| Disulfide bonds help to stabilize the three dimensional structure of proteins what amino acids are involved in the formation of disulfide bonds | Disulfide bonds are formed between two cysteine residue side chains |
| An example of a purine is | Guanine |
| The 5 end of a DNA molecule can be chemically distinguished from the 3 end b/c there is ___ group at the 5 end and a ___ at the 3 end | PO4 and OH |
| Giant chromosome in which DNA has undergone replication without separation into new chromosomes | Polytene chromosomes |
| DNA replication is | Semiiconservative |
| Detection of the binding of a protein to DNA by the altered migration of a labeled DNA fragment in an electric field | Chromatic immunoprecipation |
| Which enzyme activity is involved in proofreading during DNA replication | 3 to 5 exonuclease |
| According to the central dogma the precess that mediates the conversion of RNA to protein is | Translation |
| Which of the following is associated with mRNA processing in eukaryotes | Addition of a 5 methyl guanosine cap, 3 polyadenylation and removal of introns (not removal of exons) |
| The DNA technique used to initially identity promoter sequences was | DNA footprinting |
| The lac repressor is | Active when cAMP and lactose are present |
| The total number of DNA in a cell makes up the | Genome |
| The ___ pathway uses a set of proteins that bind to ends of two broken DNA fragments and join them together | Non-homologous end joining |
| Type of control in order | 1-Transcriptional control 2-RNA processing control 3-RNA transport and localization control 4-Translational control 5-Protein activity control 6-mRNA degradation control |
Created by:
AshCha
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