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Unit 3 renner
Political geography
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Political Geography | Study of the organization of the world. Example: A political geographer. |
| State | A politically organized territory and a organized population with a defined territory and government. Example: United States |
| Territoriality | Attempt by and individual to control a place by taking over a geographic area. Example: Soviet russia and Korea |
| Sovereignty | Having the last say over a territory, politically and militarily. Example: England having the say of it's own territory. |
| Territorial integrity | A sovereign state has the right to defend it's own territory. Example: The U.S. can defend it's own territory with the military. |
| Peace of Westhpalia | Negotiated in 1648 and began the modern state. Example: The treaties in the peace agreement. |
| Mercantilism | A protectionist policy of European states. Promoted a states economic position in the contest with other states. Example Europe in the eighteenth century. |
| Nation | A culturally defined group of people with a shared past and a common future who relate to a territory and have political goals. Example: the Celts. |
| Nation-state | A politically organized area in which nation and state occupy the same space. Example: The United States. |
| Democracy | The idea that people are the ultimate sovereign. People have the say of what happens within the state. Example: South Korea. |
| Multinational State | A state with more than one nation inside it's borders. Example: Yugoslavia. |
| Multistate nation | When a nation stretches across borders and states. Example: Romania and Hungary. |
| Stateless nations | Nations that do not have a state. Example:The Palestinians. |
| Colonialism | Imperial power had ruthless control over their domains and organized them for economic exploitation. European settlers taking over the U.S. |
| Scale | The way geographers measure things. Example: Measuring things at a global scale. |
| Capitalism | In the world economy, people,corporations, and states produce goods and exchange them on the world market. Example: The U.S. |
| Commodification | Process of placing a price on a good and then buying, selling and trading the good. Example: Trading between states. |
| Core | States that promote higher levels of education. Example: Most northern hemisphere countries. |
| Periphery | States that promote lower levels of education. Example: Southern Hemisphere countries. |
| Semi-periphery | Places where both core and periphery are both occuring. Example: Mexico |
| Ability | To influence others to gain a political goal. Example: Most politicians. |
| Centripetal | Forces that bring a country together. Example: Having a similar government. |
| Centrifugal | Forces that bring a country apart. Example: Nuclear weapons. |
| Unitary | The central city is the focus of power. Example: Most European governments during WW2. |
| Federal | Organizing state territory into regions, states, provinces, or cantons. Example: Canada. |
| Devolution | Movement of central power of government to a regional government. Example: Spain has done this. |
| Territorial representation | Each representative is elected from a territorially defined district. Example: The number of representatives in Florida. |
| Reapportionment | Process by which districts are moved according to population shifts. Example: New York lost two of it's representatives because of the 2000 census. |
| Major-minority districts | Packed districts where the majority of the population is minority. Example: Any minority district in the world. |
| Gerrymandering | Redistricting for the advantage. Example: gerrymandering a district for more votes. |
| Boundary | A vertical plane that cuts through the soil and goes into the atmosphere, dividing one sate from another. Example The border between Canada and the U.S. |
| Geometric boundaries | Boundaries that are made using a grid system such as longitude and latitude. Example:Border between Canada and the U.S. |
| Physical-political boundary | A boundary made of a physical feature. Example The mountains between North and South Korea. |
| Heartland theory | Whoever controls the Heartland controls the world. Example:Heartland is the Northern part of Asia and some of Europe. |
| Critical Geopolitics | Intellectuals of statecraft construct ideas about places and these ideas reinforce their political behavior and policy choices. Example: Politicians. |
| Unilaretalism | One state leads the others follow. Example: The U.S. and it's allies. |
| Supranational organizations | An entity composed of three or more states that form an association and share goals. Example: The European Union. |
| Antecedent Boundaries | A boundary line established before an area is populated. Example: Placing a boundary in an unpopulated area and then leaving it there. |
| Compact state | A state that is circular or oval in shape. Example: Poland. |
| Electoral college | A certain number of electors who votes for a political candidate and whoever gets the most electoral votes wins. Example: The 2012 election. |
| European Union | A supranational organization, made of western European countries to promote free trade. Example: The UK. |
| Geopolitics | The study of the connection between political relations and the territory in which they occur. Example: A professor who studies geopolitics. |
| Law of the sea | A law establishing states' rights and responsibilities focused on the sea. Example: California's ownership of the Pacific ocean. |
| NAFTA | Agreement signed on January 1st, 1994 that allows the opening of borders between Canada, U.S. and Mexico. Example: The trade between the three countries. |
| Perforated state | A state that completely surrounds another state. Example: Italy |
| Redistricitng | The drawing of a new electoral districts boundaries due to population change. Example: Making a district bigger due to population change. |
| States' rights | Rights and powers believed to be that of the state not the federal government. Example: States have powers the federal government does not. |
| Territorial organization | Political organization that distributes political power in more easily governed areas of land. Example: The states in the U.S. |
| Balkanization | Process where a state breaks up into smaller countries. Example: Czechoslovakia. |
| Confederation | A form of an international organization that brings several autonomous states together for a common purpose. Example: Russia. |
| Electoral vote | An elector that represents the dominant vote of the electors state. Example: The vote in Illinois. |
| Enclaves | A small region surrounded by a bigger region. Example: Swaziland. |
| Imperialism | The imprint of a colonial empire although it no longer controls the area. Example: The European culture in the U.S. |
| Lebensraum | Hitler's expansionist theory to acquire more living space for German people. Example: Hitler carrying out his plan. |
| NATO | An international organization that has joined together for military purposes. Example: All the states in NATO. |
| Popular vote | The peoples vote. Example: A candidate getting the popular vote in a campaign. |
| Relic boundaries | Old political boundaries that no longer exist. Example: Ancient Rome. |
| Subsequent Boundaries | Boundary line after a population has been settled. The 13 colony boundary lines. |
| Theocracy | A state who is religiously controlled. Example: Middle eastern governments. |
| Buffer state | A small country between two larger ones. Meant to keep peace. Example: A buffer state between Korea and China. |
| Democratization | Process of establishing representative and accountable forms of government led by popular elected officials. Example: The U.S. government. |
| Elongated state | A state who's shape is long and narrow. Example: Chile. |
| Fragmented state | A state that is made of separated parts. Example: The Philippines. |
| International organization | An alliance of two or more countries seeking cooperation with each other. Example: The UN. |
| Microstate | A state that is small in both population and area. Example: Vatican city. |
| Organic theory | View that says that states resemble biological organisms and need fuel to survive. Example: The German school that invented the theory. |
| Prorupted state | A state that exhibits a narrow land extension. Example: Florida. |
| Rimland theory | Nicholas Spykeman's theory that said the coastal fringes of Euraisa would provide the base for world conquest. Example: The actual Rimland. |
| Superimposed Boundaries | Boundary line that ignores the existing cultural patterns. Example: Boundaries in Africa. |
| UN | Made at the end of WW2 to foster international security and cooperation. Example: The Counties in the UN. |
| Colonialism | The expansion of an empire. Example: The expanding of Japan's empire. |
| Domino Theory | The believe that if one country goes down the others around ti will also. Example: Soviet Russia and communism. |
| Exclaves | A territory that is part of a particular state but is separated by it from a different state. Example: Alaska. |
| Frontier | A place where boundaries are shifting and weak and where people from different cultures meet and claim part of the land. Example: Some place deep in the wilderness. |
| Landlocked states | A state that is completely surrounded by other states. Example: Niger. |
| Nationalism | A sense of national pride and sometimes claiming your nation above others. Example: Hitlers Aryan race. |
| OPEC | An international organization in which all of the countries produce oils. Example: All of the countries in OPEC. |
| Rectangular state. | A territory who's shape is rectangular. Example: Angola. |
| Self-determiantion | The right of a nation to govern itself autonomously. Example: South Korea. |
| Territorial disputes | Any dispute over land ownership. Example: Turkey and Greece over Cyprus. |
Created by:
drenner6340
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