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ANP1040 Exam 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Correctly label the following anatomical features of a neuron. | Node of ranvier, Myelin sheath, Nucleus, Internode, Schwann cell, Synaptic knobs, Axon hillock, Soma, Terminal arborization, Dendrites, Axon, Axon collateral |
| Correctly label the structures, areas, and concentrations associated with a cell's electrical charge difference across its membrane. | Sodium channel, Large concentration of Potassium, ICF, EFC, Phosphates/Sulfates/Proteins, Potassium channel, Large concentration of Sodium |
| ___ division carries signals to the smooth muscle in the large intestine. -Visceral sensory -Visceral motor -Somatic motor -Afferent -Somatic sensory | Visceral motor |
| The ___ division tends to prepare the body for action. -parasympathetic -sympathetic -motor afferent -sensory afferent -somatic motor | sympathetic |
| The autonomic nervous system is also called the -visceral sensory division. -central nervous system. -visceral motor division. -somatic motor division. -somatic sensory division. | visceral motor division |
| ____ are the primary site for receiving signals from other neurons. -Axon collaterals -Somas -Synaptic knobs -Axons -Dendrites | Dendrites |
| ___ form myelin in the spinal cord. -Schwann cells -Oligodendrocytes -Microglia -Astrocytes -Satellite cells | Oligodendrocytes |
| Most of the myelin sheath is composed of -lipids. -polysaccharides. -glycoproteins. -proteins. -carbohydrates. | lipids |
| Opening Na+ gates typically leads to -depolarization of the plasma membrane -hyperpol. of the plasma memb. -drifting of plasma memb. voltage toward a more (-) value -repol. of the plasma memb. -plasma memb. voltage returning to the resting memb. pote | depolarization of the plasma membrane |
| Diagram of action potential. | |
| Typical neurotransmitters characteristics except they -synthesized by presynaptic neuron -released response to stimulation -bind specific receptors on postsynaptic cell -alter function postsynaptic cell -released in bloodstream before postsynaptic ce | they are released into the bloodstream before reaching the postsynaptic cell |
| Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) are associated with: -repolarization of the cell membrane -no change of the threshold -hyperpol. of cell membrane -depol. of cell membrane -no change of the cell membrane potential | hyperpolarization of the cell membrane |
| Correctly label the following anatomical features of the spinal cord. | Posterior root ganglion, Spinal cord, Spinous process of vertebra, Epidural space, Pia mater, Dura mater (dural sheath), Arachnoid mater, Spinal nerve, Vertebral body, Subarachnoid space |
| Correctly label the following anatomical features of a nerve. | Posterior root, Anterior root, Posterior root ganglion, Spinal nerve, Perineum, Myelin, Epineuriun, Endoneurium, Myelinated nerve fiber, Unmyelinated nerve fiber |
| Which of the following structures is the richest in lipid content? -arachnoid mater -pia mater -white matter -gray matter -dura mater | white matter |
| A ganglion is a -cluster of neurosomas in the PNS. -bundle of axons in the CNS. -cluster of neurosomas in the CNS. -cluster of dendrites in either the CNS or the PNS. -bundle of axons in the PNS. | cluster of neurosomas in the PNS |
| The cervical plexus gives origin to the ___ nerve(s). -radial -sciatic -musculocutaneous -phrenic -oculomotor | phrenic |
| Which of the following nerves originates in the lumbosacral plexus? -obturator -sciatic -ilioinguinal -axillary -phrenic | sciatic |
| A ___ is a cordlike organ composed of numerous ___. -nerve; axons -nerve; neurosomas -nerve fiber; axons -nerve fiber; neurosomas -nerve fiber; nerves | nerve; axons |
| Describes the order of a somatic reflex. | somatic receptor → afferent nerve fiber → interneuron → efferent nerve fiber → smooth muscle |
| The quickest reflex arcs involve only two neurons, thus forming __ reflex arcs. -monosynaptic -autonomic -ipsilateral -polysynaptic -contralateral | monosynaptic |
| Correctly label the following anatomical features of the surface of the brain. | Central sulcus, Longitudinal fissue, Occipital lobe, Parietal lobe, Frontal lobe, Cerebral hemispheres |
| Correctly label the following functional regions of the cerebral cortex. | Prefrontal cortex, Wernicke area, Motor association area, Primary somesthetic cortex, Primary motor cortex, Somesthetic association area, Broca area, Visual association area, Primary visual cortex |
| Correctly label the following functional regions of the cerebral cortex. | Postcentral gyrus, Lateral sulcus, Temporal lobe, Precentral gyrus, Central sulcus, Insula, Parietal lobe, Frontal lobe, Occipital lobe |
| Correctly label the cranial nerves. | Optic nerve, Glossopharygeal, Oculomotor nerve, Accessory nerve, Abducens nerve, Hypoglossal nerve, Vagus nerve, Vestibulocochlear nerve, Olfactory tract, Facial nerve |
| Know location of major anatomical landmarks of the medial surface of the brain. | -midbrain -hypothalamus -medulla oblongata -pons -cerebellum |
| From superficial to deep, the meninges occur in this order: -pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid. -dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid. -arachnoid, pia mater, dura mater. -dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater. -pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater. | dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater |
| The ___ is the largest part of the hindbrain. -hypothalamus -cerebellum -brainstem -cerebrum -pons | cerebellum |
| Loss of equilibrium and motor coordination would most likely be related to a lesion in the -limbic system. -pituitary gland. -cerebellum. -pons. -medulla oblongata. | cerebellum |
| Sex drive, body temperature, and food and water intake are regulated by -the hypothalamus. -the thalamus. -the pineal gland. -the pituitary gland. -the limbic system. | the hypothalamus |
| Planning, motivation, and social judgment are functions of the brain associated with -the frontal lobe. -the occipital lobe. -the insula. -the temporal lobe. -the parietal lobe. | the frontal lobe |
| Occipital lobe is -primary site receiving & interpreting signals from general senses -likely play a role in understanding spoken language -principal visual ctr of brain -chiefly concerned w/mood, memory & emotions -concerned w/voluntary motor functio | the principal visual center of the brain |
| After stroke, pt c/o lack of sensitivity in R hand. Stroke likely affected: -postcentral gyrus in L parietal lobe. -postcentral gyrus in R temporal l. -postcentral gyrus in L frontal l. -precentral gyrus in L frontal l. -precentral gyrus in R frontal | postcentral gyrus in the left parietal lobe |
| The ___ is not a motor cranial nerve. -accessory nerve (XI) -vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) -hypoglossal nerve (XII) -abducens nerve (VI) -trochlear nerve (IV) | vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) |
| This is the largest of the cranial nerves and the most important sensory nerve of the face. -the trigeminal nerve (V) -the facial nerve (VII) -the accessory nerve (XI) -the abducens nerve (VI) -the hypoglossal nerve (XII) | the trigeminal nerve (V) |
| This nerve innervates most of the viscera in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. -the hypoglossal nerve (XII) -the vagus nerve (X) -the accessory nerve (XI) -the abducens nerve (VI) -the trochlear nerve (IV) | the vagus nerve (X) |
| The digestive tract has a nervous system of its own called the -sympathetic nervous system. -peripheral nervous system. -enteric nervous system. -parasympathetic nervous system. -central nervous system. | enteric nervous system |
| Parasympathetic tone: -holds resting heart rate (HR) below its intrinsic rate -does not affect HR -accelerates the resting HR above its intrinsic rate -might increase or decrease HR depending on the situation -affects HR only after myocardial infarct | holds the resting heart rate below its intrinsic rate |
| Preganglionic fibers run from: -gray matter to posterior root ganglia. -posterior root ganglia to autonomic ganglia. -gray matter to autonomic ganglia. -posterior root ganglia to gray matter. -autonomic ganglia to visceral effectors. | gray matter to autonomic ganglia |
| All features of sympathetic div. except it -originates in thoracolumbar region of spinal cord -has long postganglionic fibers -has long preganglionic fibers -has extensive neural divergence & relative widespread effect -ganglia adjacent to spinal col | it has long preganglionic fibers |
| All characteristics of parasympathetic div. except -originates in the craniosacral regions of CNS -the terminal ganglia are very close to or w/i their target organs -has short postganglionic fiber -its effects are local -has short preganglionic fibe | it has short preganglionic fibers |
| The parasympathetic division arises from the ___ region(s) of the spinal cord. -brain, thoracic, and lumbar -brain, sacral, and coccygeal -brain, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal -sacral and lumbar -brain and sacral | brain and sacral |
| Correctly label the following anatomical features of the eye. | Vitreous body, Optic disc (blind spot), Pupil, Optic nerve, Lens, Sclera, Cilliary body, Retina, Iris, Choroid, Cornea, Suspensory ligaments |
| What structure is visible to the naked eye? -taste hair -lingual papilla -taste (gustatory) cell -taste bud -taste pore | lingual papilla |
| Which structures belongs to the inner ear? | |
| This figure shows the internal anatomy of the ear. What does "7" represent? -the stapes -the tympanic cavity -the semicircular duct -the vestibule -the cochlea | the cochlea |
| Which structure allows upper respiratory infections to spread from the throat to the tympanic cavity? -the cochlear duct -the auditory canal -the oval window -the auditory (eustachian) tube -the tympanic cavity | the auditory (eustachian) tube |
| A 100 dB sound (loud) of 150 Hz (low pitch) would cause: -basilar membrane to vibrate slightly near its distal end -basilar membrane to vibrate vigorously near distal end -basilar membrane to vibrate slightly near proximal end | basilar membrane to vibrate vigorously near its distal end. |
| When you spin while sitting in a swivel chair with your eyes closed, you can sense this movement by means of your -spiral organ (organ of Corti). -utricle. -saccule. -semicircular ducts. -cochlea. | semicircular ducts |
| ___ are responsible for photopic (day) vision as well as trichromatic (color) vision. -Pigment cells -Rods -Ganglion cells -Cones -Bipolar cells | Cones |
| Reason cones exhibit less neuronal convergence than rods is ______________________________. | photopic (day) vision has higher resolution than scotopic (night) vision |
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