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Life Science Voc. S1
Nick W.'s study stack for semester 1 finals.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anything that causes a reaction or change in an organism or any part of an organism | Stimulus |
| The maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment. | Homeostasis |
| Reproduction in which the sex cells from two parents unite to produce offspring that share traits from both parents | Sexual Reproduction |
| Reproduction that does not involve the union of sex cells and in which one parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent | Asexual Reproduction |
| The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring | Heredity |
| The sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism | Metabolism |
| An organism that can make its own food by using energy from its surroundings | Producer |
| An organism that that eats other organisms or organic matter | Consumer |
| An organism that gets energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal wastes and consuming or absorbing the nutrients | Decomposer |
| A molecule that is made up of amino acids and that is needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body | Protein |
| A class of energy-giving nutrients that includes sugars, starches and fiber; contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen | Carbohydrate |
| A type of biochemical that does not dissolve in water; fats and steroids are examples | Lipid |
| A lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in the cell membranes | Phospholipid |
| Adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes | ATP |
| In biology, the smallest unit of that can perform all life processes; these are covered by a membrane and contain DNA and cytoplasm | Cells |
| A phospholipid layer that covers a cell's surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell's environment | Cell Membrane |
| One of the small bodies in a cell's cytoplasm that are specialized to perform a specific function | Organelle |
| In a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism and reproduction | Nucleus |
| An organism that consists of a single cell that does not have a nucleus | Prokaryote |
| An organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane; these include animals, plants, fungi, but not archae- or eubacteria | Eukaryote |
| A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell | Cell Wall |
| A cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis | Ribosome |
| A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids | Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| In eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration | Mitochondria |
| Cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell | Golgi Complex |
| A small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell; forms when part of the cell membrane surounds the material to be taken into the cell or out of the cell | Vesicle |
| A cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes | Lysosome |
| A group of similar cells that perform a common function | Tissue |
| A collection of tissues that carry out specialized functions of the body | Organ |
| A group of organs that work together to perform body functions | Organ system |
| A living thing; anything that can carry out life processes independently | Organism |
| The arrangement of parts in an organism | Structure |
| The special, normal or proper activity of an organ or part | Function |
| The movement of particles from regions of higher to lower density | Diffusion |
| The diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane | Osmosis |
| The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell | Passive Transport |
| The movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the use of energy | Active Transport |
| The process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell | Endocytosis |
| The process in which a cell releases a particle by enclosing the particle in a vesicle and then moves to the cell surface and fuses with the cell membrane | Exocytosis |
| The process by which plants, algae and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to make food | Photosythesis |
| The process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food | Cellular Respiration |
| The breakdown of food without the use of oxygen | Fermentation |
| The life cycle of a cell | Cell Cycle |
| In a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA | Chromosomes |
| Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure | Homologous Chromosomes |
| In eukaryotice cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes | Mitosis |
| The division of the cytoplasm of a cell | Cytokinesis |
| The division of organisms into groups, or classes, based on specific organisms | Classification |
| The science of describing, naming and classifying organisms | Taxonomy |
| An aid that is used to identify organisms and that consists of the answers to a series of questions | Dichotomous Key |
| A kingdom made up of bacteria that live in extreme environments | Archaebacteria |
| A kingdom that contains all prokaryotes except archaebacteria | Eubacteria |
| A kingdom of mostly one-celled eukaryotic organisms that are different from plants, animals, bacteria and fungi | Protista |
| A kingdom made up of nongreen, eukaryotic organisms that have no means of movement, reproduce by using spores and get food by breaking down substances in their surroundings and absorbing nutrients | Fungi |
| A kingdom made up of complex, multicellular organisms that are usually green, have cell walls made of cellulose, cannot move around and use the sun's energy to make sugar by photosythesis | Plantae |
| A kingdom made up of complex, multicellular organisms that lack cell walls, can usually move around and quickly respond to their environment | Animalia |
| The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring | Heredity |
| The trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred | Dominant Trait |
| A trait that is apparent only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristics are inherited | Recessive Trait |
| One set of instructions for an inherited trait | Gene |
| One of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color | Allele |
| An organism's appearance or other detectable characteristic | Phenotype |
| The entire genetic make-up of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits | Genotype |
| The likelihood that a possible future even will occur in any given instance | Probability |
| A process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells | Meiosis |
| One of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual | Sex Chromosomes |
| A diagram of that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family | Pedigree |
Created by:
NickPW
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