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Ch. 9 Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Genetics | The science of heredity and of the mechanisms by which traits are passed from parent to offspring |
| Heredity | The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring |
| Trait | a genetically determined variant of a characteristic |
| Pollination | The transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structures to the tip of the female reproductive structure of a flower in angiosperms or the ovule in gymnosperms |
| Self-Pollination | The transfer of pollen grains from an anther to the stigma of another flower on the same plant |
| Cross-Pollination | A reproductive process in which pollen from one plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant |
| True-Breeding | Describes organisms or genotypes that are homozygous for a specific trait and thus always produce offspring that have the same phenotype for that trait |
| P Generation | Parental generation, the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross |
| F1 Generation | Offspring of the P generation |
| F2 Generation | Offspring of the F1 generation |
| Dominant | Describes the allele that is fully expressed when carried by only one of a pair of homologous chromosomes |
| Recessive | Describes a trait or an allele that is expressed only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited |
| Law of Segregation | Mende’s law that states that the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete |
| Law of Independent Assortment | The law that states that genes separate independently of one another in meiosis |
| Molecular Genetics | The study of the structure of nucleic acids and the function and regulation of genes |
| Allele | One of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color |
| Genotype | The entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits |
| Phenotype | An organism’s appearance or other detectable characteristic that results from the organism’s genotype and the environment |
| Homozygous | describes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait on both homologous chromosomes |
| Heterozygous | Describes an individual that has two different alleles for a trait |
| Probability | The likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event; the mathematical ratio of the number of times one outcome of any event is likely to occur to the number of possible outcomes of the event |
| Monohybrid Cross | A cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits |
| Punnett Square | A graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross |
| Genotypic Ratio | The ratio of the genotypes that appear in offspring |
| Phenotypic Ratio | The ratio of phenotypes produced by a cross |
| Testcross | The crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype |
| Complete Dominance | A relationship in which one allele is completely dominant over another |
| Incomplete Dominance | A condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between The phenotype of the individual’s two parents because the dominant allele is unable to express itself fully |
| Codominance | A condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed |
| Dihybrid Cross | A cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same gene |
Created by:
cecoppoletta
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