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Meiosis and Genetics
Ch. 10/11 Sexual Reproduction and Inheritance (Biology)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| During Prophase I Homologous chromosomes ___ and pair up during synapsis; spindle fibers also form | Condense |
| During Metaphase I, pairs of homologous chromosomes line up at the cell's ___ | Equator |
| In Anaphase II, __ are pulled apart by the spindle fibers and move toward opposite ends of the cell | Sister chromatids |
| ___ is the process of dividing the cytoplasm and results in two new cells | Cytokinesis |
| Meiosis, through two divisions, results in ___ daughter cells | 4 |
| Mitosis, through the means of just one division, results in ___ daughter cells | 2 |
| (Mitosis/Meiosis) Involved in the production of gametes | Meiosis |
| (Mitosis/Meiosis) Involved in growth and repair | Mitosis |
| (Mitosis/Meiosis) Promotes genetic variation | Meiosis |
| (Mitosis/Meiosis) Produces daughter cells that are genetically identical | Mitosis |
| (Mitosis/Meiosis) Produces daughter cells that are not genetically alike | Meiosis |
| (Mitosis/Meiosis) Occurs only at specific times during an organisms life cycle and only in specific tissues | Meiosis |
| (Mitosis/Meiosis) Called reduction division | Meiosis |
| Mendel was the first person to succeed in predicting how traits are __ from generation to generation | Inherited |
| Male and female sex cells | Gametes |
| ___ occurs when a male gamete fuses with a female gamete of the same flower | Self-fertilization |
| Mendel used the technique called ___ to breed one plant with another | Cross-pollination |
| Mendel studied only one __ at a time and analyzed his data mathematically | Trait |
| The __ allele of a trait is often hidden by the expression of the other present | Recessive |
| The ___ allele of a trait is visible in the phenotype | Dominant |
| Genes that are located on the same chromosome | Linked genes |
| Shows the location of several genes | Chromosome map |
| Fruit fly | Drosophilia melanogaster |
| Outcome of independent assortment | Genetic recombination |
| (T/F) Crossing over occurs more frequently between genes that are close together on a chromosome | F |
| (T/F) Gene linkage was first studied in garden peas | F |
| (T/F) Scientists use the data from crossing over to compose a chromosome map | T |
| Chromosome map percentages represent actual chromosome distances; totally accurate | F |
| (T/F) The occurrence of one or more extra sets of all chromosomes in an organisms cells is known as triploidy | F |
| (T/F) An organism with the chromosome designation of 3n is known as triploidy | T |
| (T/F) Mendel was the first and only person to work with the idea of inheritance | F |
| (T/F) Mendel is known as the Father of Genetics | T |
| (T/F) All of Mendel's work has withstood the test of time, with no alterations needed, and still explains even the most complex inheritance patterns known today | F |
| Albinism | Recessive genetic disorder |
| Huntington's Disease | Dominant genetic disorder |
| For a recessive genetic disorder, a person must be ___ to suffer from the disease itself | Homozygous recessive |
| A person may be a ___ of a recessive genetic disorder if they carry just one recessive allele | Carrier |
| A(n) ___ shows the inheritance of a particular trait over several generations | Pedigree |
| An organism with two of the same alleles for a particular trait is called __ | Homozygous |
| An organism with two different version of a trait is called ___ | Heterozygous |
| For a dominant genetic disorder, even the ___ may suffer from the disease | Heterozygote |
| One CANNOT be a ___ of a dominant genetic disorder, because if the allele is present the disease is present | Carrier |
| Caused by altered genes; results in lack of skin pigmentation | Albinism |
| Recessive genetic disorder characterized by body's inability to tolerate galactose | Galactosemia |
| Characterized by lack of enzyme that breaks down fatty acids and wastes accumulate in brain tissue | Tay-Sachs Disease |
| Recessive genetic disorder; affects mucus-producing glands | Cystic Fibrosis |
| Dominant genetic disorder; affects the nervous system | Huntington's Disease |
| Autosomal dominant genetic condition; affects height and overall body size | Achondroplasia |
| (T/F) A scientist uses a pedigree to study family history | T |
| (T/F) A predigree traces the inheritance of a particular trait through no more than two generations effectively | F |
| (T/F) In a pedigree, someone who does not express the trait is represented by a fulled shaded shape | F |
| (T/F) Within a pedigree, a carrier is most often designated by a partially filled shape | T |
| (T/F) Sickle-cell disease is a dominant genetic disorder | F |
| Micrograph of chromosomes showing homologous pairs | Karyotype |
| Creates an abnormal number of chromosomes | Nondisjunction |
| The withdrawal of tissue from the placenta for testing | Chorionic villus sampling |
| Having an extra chromosome 21 | Down syndrome |
| Protective cap at the end of a chromosome | Telomere |
| The ___ a mother is at the time of birth, the more likely that the child may have down syndrome | Older |
| How many chromosomes would a cell have during metaphase I of meiosis if it has 12 chromosomes during interphase? | Twelve |
| If a black guinea pig Bb were crossed with a white one bb, what would be the resulting phenotypic ratio? | 1:1 |
| This current concept is an exception to Mendel's law of independent assortment | Gene linkage |
| Produces haploid gametes | Meiosis |
| Cellular structure that contains DNA and makes it more efficient to transport during division | Chromosome |
| HALF the number of chromosomes found in an adult organism | Haploid |
| The TOTAL number of chromosomes found in an adult organism | Diploid |
| How is an affected individual represented using a pedigree? | Fully-colored symbol |
| Two terms describe the inheritance of human blood types: codominance and ___ | Multiple alleles |
| What could explain a human karyotype showing a total of 47 chromosomes? | Trisomy |
| Sister chromatids do not fully separate | Nondisjunction |
| Found in the body cells and have the same length, same centromere position and carry the same genes | Homologous chromosomes |
| Separation of allelic genes that typically occurs during meiosis | Segregation |
| Control the production of proteins | Genes |
| Study of heredity | Genetics |
| Process by which one gamete unites with another to produce a zygote | Fertilization |
| Process by which chromosomal segments are exchanged between a pair of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I | Crossing over |
| The importance of meiosis is it produces ___ within a species | Genetic variation |
| Error occurring during cell division | Nondisjunction |
| Characteristic that has more than one pair of possible allele combination | Polygenic trait |
| Genes found on the sex chromosomes are associated with __ disorders | X-linked |
| Inheritance pattern in which the heterozygous genotype results in an intermediate phenotype | Incomplete dominance |
| Plants that result in the same offspring phenotypes each time they are breed with one another | True-breeding |
| Observable characteristic or outward expression of alleles | Phenotype |
| In a monohybrid cross, only ___ genotypes are possible | Three |
| Heterozygous organisms are also known as ___ | Hybrids |
| Used to predict the possible offspring of a cross | Punnett Square |
| Random distribution of alleles occurs during gamete formation | Law of independent assortment |
| In a monohybrid cross, only __ phenotypic combinations are possible | Two |
| In a dihybrid cross, the phenotypic ratio is always 9:3:3:1... this is known as a(n) ___ | Mendelian ratio |
| Process by which homologous chromosomes are held tightly along their lengths and crossing over takes place | Synapsis |
| States that two alleles for a trait separate during meiosis | Law of segregation |
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SavannahElkins
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