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BJU BIO CH12
marchbio ch12 key terms
| Key Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| mycology | the study of fungi |
| dimorphism | the ability to change form in reaction to a different environment |
| external digestion | the process in which enzymes are secreted to digest food outside the organism |
| hyphae | the slender filaments that compose the mycelium of a fungus |
| septate | where the fungal hyphae are divided into individual cells by cell walls |
| septa | a wall that separates individual cells in fungi |
| coenocytic | lacking septa or internal divisions |
| mycelia | all of the hyphae in a fungus |
| rhizoid | a rootlike structure that lacks water-conducting tissue |
| haustoria | hyphae of parasitic fungi that enter the host's cells to obtain nourishment |
| aerial hyphae | hyphae of a fungus that grow above the substrate |
| stolon | an aerial, horizontal hypha thst produces new fungi asexually |
| sporophore | a spore-producing hyp0ha of a fungus mycelium |
| sporangiophore | a fungus sporophore that produces its asexual spores within an enclosure |
| sporangium | a structure in which spores are produced |
| conidiosphore | a fungus sporophore that forms asexual conidia by repeated divisions at its tip and not in an enclosure |
| conidia | spores produced by conidiophore; penicillium produces blue green conidia from motile, asexual spores. |
| phylum Zygomycota | named for characteristic zygosporangia; includes many common molds |
| zygosporangia | thick-walled sexual structures |
| yeast | unicellular, predominantly saprophytic fungi found in soil or water. |
| budding | a type of asexual reproduction in which portions from the parent form a new organism |
| phylum Ascomycota | named for its members' characteristic reproductive structures - the ascus; also known as sac fungi |
| ascus | the structure in which the haploid ascospores are formed in the molds of the class Ascomycota |
| ascospore | name for spores of the phylum Ascomycota |
| ascocarp | a cup-shaped fruiting body formed in the mycelium in phylum Ascomycota |
| true fungi | fungi that have a known form of sexual reproduction and can be classified into one of the three fungal phyla; also known as perfect fungi. |
| imperfect fungi | several fungi that are not known to reproduce sexually; examples - athlete's foot, ringworm, and thrush. |
| phylum Basidiomycota | fungi that form four sexually produced basidiospores on a club-shaped cell; examples - mushrooms, puffballs, earthstars, shelf (bracket) fungi, rusts, and smuts. |
| basidiospore | a reproductive spore produced by Basidiomycete fungi |
| basidium | the microscopic structures in Basidiomycota tht produce the asexual basidiospores |
| cap | The fleshy head of the mushroom; the top of the mushroom |
| stipe | the stalk of a mushroom |
| gill | the thin spore-producing membrane of certain fungi |
| rust | a fungus of the phylum Basidiomycota with a complex life cycle; most are harmful plant diseases. |
| smut | harmful plant pathogens of phylum Basidiomycota, usually producing several different kinds of spores, but having only one host species |
| lichen | a fungus and an alga or cyanobacteria living together in a symbiotic relationship |
| symbiosis | relationship in which two organisms of different species live together in close association, benefiting both organisms; lichens are an example. |
| crustose | lichens that appear as flat smears of dried paint; often grow as a layer on rocks and trees |
| foliose | lichens that look like small crinkled leaves |
| fruticose | lichens that usually have small stalks or branches with conspicuous fruiting bodies on their ends |
| soredia | asexual reproduction structures in lichens; consists of a group of algal cells enclosed in fungus hyphae |
| mycorrhizae | symbiotic relationship between fungal hyphae and plant roots |
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marchbio
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