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Anatomy of Plants
Plant cells, tissues, roots, stems, leaves & hormones
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the cells found throughout the plant that are the basis for many structures? | parenchyma |
| What are the long cells that occur in strands or cylinders & provide support for a plant? | collenchyma |
| These are cells with no cytoplasm, thick cells walls, and make up the "wood" of a plant. | sclerenchyma |
| Stony cells that make pears "gritty." | sclereids |
| Needle shaped cells with thick cells walls and small interior spaces that form tough elastic tissue. | fibers |
| A region of stem tissue with rapidly dividing cells. | meristem |
| Meristematic tissue at the tips of roots and stems. | apical meristem |
| Meristem cell growth that produces an increase in stem or leaf length. | intercalary meristem |
| Thin cylinder of tissue that produces the cells that transport food and water. | vascular cambium |
| Tissue with tough cell walls that forms the bark on trees. | cork cambium |
| Outer covering of a plant. | epidermis |
| Openings (pores) in leaves. | stomata |
| Cells that control the opening and closing of stomata. | guard cells |
| Hairlike projections on leaves. | trichomes |
| Extensions of root epidermal cells that increase surface area so plant can take in more water. | root hairs |
| Vascular tubes that transport water. | xylem |
| Xylem cells that are tube shaped with bar-like grates on the ends. | vessel elements |
| Xylem cells that are long, cylindrical, and have pitted ends. | tracheids |
| Vascular tubes that transport food. | phloem |
| Phloem cells with cytoplasm but no nucleus or ribosomes. | sieve tube members |
| Phloem cells with nuclei that sit next to sieve tube members. | companion cells |
| Tissues that are not meristem, dermal, or vascular and make up most of the plant. | ground tissue |
| The very tip of a root. | root cap |
| Root layer just inside the epidermis. | cortex |
| Layer of tissue just inside the cortex. | endodermis |
| Waterproof strip around each cell of the endodermis. | Casparian strip |
| Layer of cells directly next to endodermis toward the center of the root. | pericycle |
| Thick roots that grow deep into the soil. | taproots |
| Shallow roots that have many branches that spread out. | fibrous roots |
| Soft, flexible green stems that can perform photosynthesis. | herbaceous stems |
| What is the main function of a plant stem? | provide support |
| Swollen, underground stem with buds from which new plants can grow. | tuber |
| Shortened, compressed stem surrounded by fleshy leaves. | bulb |
| Underground horizontal stems. | rhizomes |
| Horizontal stems that grow above the soil surface. | runners |
| Compressed stem with scaly leaves at the top. | corm |
| Flat part of a leaf. | blade |
| Stalk that attaches a leaf to a stem. | petiole |
| Water evaporating from the plant back into the air. | transpiration |
| Inside layer in leaves where photosynthesis occurs. | palisade mesophyl |
| Inside layer in leaves where gas exchange occurs. | spongy mesophyl |
| Leaves at the tips of stems that change color. | bracts |
| Plant hormone that makes cells grow longer. | auxin |
| Plant hormone that elongates cells, stimulates cell division, and helps seeds grow. | gibberellins |
| Only hormone in gaseous form. | ethylene |
| Hormones that contain nitrogen and cause rapid cell division. | cytokinins |
| Plant response such as solar tracking or leaves snapping shut. | nastic response |
| Plant's growth response to an external stimulus. | tropism |
| Plant growth response to light. | phototropism |
| Plant growth response to gravity. | gravitropism |
| Plant growth response to a mechanical stimulus. | thigmotropism |
| Which two plant parts experience secondary growth? | roots & stems |
| What is the first structure to grow out of a seed when it sprouts? | root |
| What is the main function of leaves? | photosynthesis |
| What is the waxy coating on some leaves called? | cuticle |
Created by:
jjanssen33
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